Anal fistulas secondary to which disease?

Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
Updated on November 06, 2024
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An anal fistula generally originates from a perianal abscess, which is an infection focus formed near the anal sinuses in the local area of the anus. During its onset, there is obvious local redness, swelling, heat, and pain accompanied by the formation of a pus cavity containing pus. As the condition of the perianal abscess worsens, the local pus cavity will rupture and discharge pus, thus forming an anal fistula. After the rupture of a perianal abscess, its external opening cannot heal by itself, and there will be intermittent recurring discharge of pus. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out surgical treatment as soon as possible after the formation of an anal fistula, to prevent the enlargement of the local pus cavity or thickening of the fistula wall, which complicates later surgery and treatment and significantly impacts the patient's normal life.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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How to cure anal fistula completely

The radical treatment of anal fistula mainly involves surgery, with the choice of surgery being the anal fistula cutting and ligation operation. This primarily utilizes a ligature or elastic band to loop through the local sphincter, thereby achieving slow cutting and drainage of secretions. Anal fistula is considered a local infectious lesion at the anus, and the fundamental principle of the surgery is to remove the local fistula tract and the wall of the fistula completely through cutting and ligation, and after thoroughly removing the local infection, fresh granulation tissue can regrow. Due to the prolonged location of the local lesion in anal fistulas, postoperative wound dressing and drainage are very important. The wound can be disinfected daily with povidone-iodine, and gauze impregnated with oil can be used for pressurized drainage to help facilitate the flow of local secretions.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing
Colorectal Surgery
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Best treatment method for anal fistula abscess

The best treatment method for anal fistula and perianal abscess is surgical treatment, which is also the only curative method. Conservative treatment using drugs alone can only alleviate local inflammatory symptoms and cannot achieve complete cure. The main surgical method is the cutting and threading technique. This involves threading and ligating the infected area and the sphincter muscle. Through the slow cutting and drainage action of the ligature, the infection focus is removed while protecting the anal sphincter. Postoperatively, it is also important to pay attention to disinfecting and draining the local wound, ensuring proper dressing changes, and preventing poor drainage that could lead to infection or recurrence. It is advised that patients avoid spicy and irritating foods for the first six months after surgery.

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Written by Yang Dong
Colorectal Surgery Department
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Consequences of recurrent anal fistulas

If an anal fistula is not treated in time, it may repeatedly occur. If an anal fistula repeatedly occurs, due to local inflammation, pus will spread and infiltrate into the perianal tissues, causing further aggravation of infection. This can then affect the function of the anus, potentially leading to symptoms such as fecal incontinence. Moreover, if an anal fistula repeatedly occurs over a long period, there is a possibility of malignant transformation.

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Written by Yang Dong
Colorectal Surgery Department
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Anal fistula etiology

The cause of an anal fistula is due to infection of the anal glands. In normal human anatomy, there is a location at the junction of the rectum and the anal canal called the anal sinus or anal gland, which is relatively weak. If it is damaged, intestinal bacteria can enter the anal gland, causing inflammation. Over time, the infected anal gland leads to further abscesses towards the perianal space, causing a perianal abscess. After the perianal abscess ruptures, it further develops into an anal fistula.

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Written by Deng Heng
Colorectal Surgery
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Can a twenty-year anal fistula turn into cancer?

Firstly, anal fistulas can become cancerous. Statistical data show that the probability of malignant transformation in anal fistulas is 1/1000, and such transformations are relatively rare in clinical practice. However, anal fistulas can change, but the timing of malignant transformation varies. Generally, the longer the duration of an anal fistula, the higher the chance of it becoming cancerous. The factors contributing to this transformation typically include chronic inflammation, long-term irritation, bacterial infection, and stimulation from medications, all of which can lead to cancerous changes.