Is the probability of anal fistula turning into cancer high?

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

Updated on September 17, 2024

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An anal fistula, formed due to an anal gland infection, carries a higher risk of malignant transformation if the infection and inflammation are recurrent and persistent, particularly over a long period exceeding five years. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that anal fistulas exceeding five years should be given sufficient attention and surgical treatment should be pursued promptly to prevent malignancy.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 17sec

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How to determine if you have an anal fistula

First, you can judge whether you have an anal fistula based on symptoms. Patients with anal fistula often experience recurrent perianal swelling and pain, as well as discharge of pus and blood, which may also have a foul odor, with secretion often found on their underwear. In such cases, patients should consider whether they have an anal fistula. Additionally, patients with anal fistulas in the early stages often have perianal abscesses, which generally tend to form fistulas after the abscess ruptures spontaneously or is surgically drained. Patients can also visit the colorectal surgery department of a hospital for a digital rectal examination, where the fistula tract and the internal opening can be felt. MRI scans of the perianal region can also be performed to determine the type and severity of the anal fistula. Clinically, once an anal fistula is detected, it is advisable to opt for fistula excision surgery to completely cure the anal fistula by removing the internal opening and the fistula tract. Post-surgery, it is essential to persist with dressing changes to avoid wound infection and bleeding.

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Written by Yu Xu Chao

Colorectal Surgery

1min 1sec

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Is an anal fistula close to the anus considered high or low position?

In general, anal fistulas close to the anus are considered low anal fistulas. Clinically, anal fistulas are classified as either high or low based on the levator ani muscle as the boundary. Those located above the levator ani muscle are considered high anal fistulas, while those below are considered low anal fistulas. Clinically, the treatment for anal fistulas primarily involves surgical intervention. Options include fistulectomy, which involves the removal of the internal opening and the fistula tract. Post-surgery care may include the use of anal cleansing agents, red oil gauze strips, and golden ointment for dressing changes to promote wound healing. It is important to maintain smooth bowel movements and consume a light diet. High, complex anal fistulas may easily damage the anal sphincter or even the anorectal ring, leading to fecal incontinence. Therefore, during surgery, the thread hanging method may be chosen to avoid excessive damage to the anal sphincter.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

28sec

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Consequences of recurrent anal fistulas

If an anal fistula is not treated in time, it may repeatedly occur. If an anal fistula repeatedly occurs, due to local inflammation, pus will spread and infiltrate into the perianal tissues, causing further aggravation of infection. This can then affect the function of the anus, potentially leading to symptoms such as fecal incontinence. Moreover, if an anal fistula repeatedly occurs over a long period, there is a possibility of malignant transformation.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

29sec

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What color is the pus from an anal fistula?

An anal fistula is a sinus tract and fistula formed from an infection of the anal sinuses and glands. During the infection phase, there is a possibility of swelling, pain, and pus discharge. This discharge may be yellow pus or pus mixed with blood. Regardless of the color, it is crucial to seek prompt medical treatment at a hospital and undergo thorough treatment, rather than attempting conservative treatment on one's own.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

28sec

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What department should I see for anal fistula?

Anal fistula is caused by infection of the anal sinuses and glands. It manifests as hard lumps or cord-like objects around the anus, and may involve recurrent swelling, pain, and discharge of pus. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a colorectal surgeon. Generally, if diagnosed with an anal fistula, surgical treatment is required, as conservative treatment usually does not result in a cure.