An anal fistula flare-up can cause perianal swelling, pain, and discharge of pus and blood. For an anal fistula flare-up, initial conservative treatment with medications is an option, such as sitting baths using anal cleansing agents or potassium permanganate solutions after defecation. The sitting bath should last between five to ten minutes to help reduce swelling and relieve pain. After the bath, topical application of mupirocin ointment or other anti-inflammatory ointments like Golden Ointment may also be used to reduce swelling and inflammation. For severe infections, intravenous or oral antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce inflammation. However, clinically, it is recommended to opt for surgical removal of the anal fistula as early as possible. Early removal of the internal opening and the fistula tract is necessary for a complete cure of the anal fistula. If an anal fistula repeatedly flares up, it can easily lead to the formation of more fistula branches, forming complex anal fistulas, increasing the difficulty of later surgeries and enlarging the wound surface post-operation.