What are the symptoms of an anal fistula?

Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Anal fistula is one of the common diseases in proctology. The most typical symptom of anal fistula is recurrent anal induration, accompanied by swelling, pain, and pus discharge, often with a ruptured external opening. During the quiescent phase, a hard cord can be felt leading from the ruptured external opening to the inside of the anus; during the acute inflammatory phase or abscess phase, pressing may cause pus to ooze from the ruptured opening.

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Written by Yang Dong

Colorectal Surgery Department

24sec

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Is the probability of anal fistula turning into cancer high?

An anal fistula, formed due to an anal gland infection, carries a higher risk of malignant transformation if the infection and inflammation are recurrent and persistent, particularly over a long period exceeding five years. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that anal fistulas exceeding five years should be given sufficient attention and surgical treatment should be pursued promptly to prevent malignancy.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

54sec

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Best treatment method for anal fistula abscess

The best treatment method for anal fistula and perianal abscess is surgical treatment, which is also the only curative method. Conservative treatment using drugs alone can only alleviate local inflammatory symptoms and cannot achieve complete cure. The main surgical method is the cutting and threading technique. This involves threading and ligating the infected area and the sphincter muscle. Through the slow cutting and drainage action of the ligature, the infection focus is removed while protecting the anal sphincter. Postoperatively, it is also important to pay attention to disinfecting and draining the local wound, ensuring proper dressing changes, and preventing poor drainage that could lead to infection or recurrence. It is advised that patients avoid spicy and irritating foods for the first six months after surgery.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

49sec

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Does an anal fistula hurt?

Anal fistula mainly refers to the presence of a noticeable fistula in the tissue under the perianal skin, which connects the inner opening in the anal canal and the outer opening around the anus. Usually, the anal fistula does not cause significant pain when it is not in acute flare-up. However, if the anal fistula enters an acute episode, there may be pain due to inflammation at the local external opening of the anus, and possibly an increase in purulent discharge, which can irritate the skin around the external opening, causing stinging pain and itching. To prevent recurrent episodes of anal fistula and further aggravation of the condition, it is advised to seek surgery as soon as the fistula is detected.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 3sec

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Which is more serious, anal fistula or hemorrhoids?

Anal fistulas and hemorrhoids are two different types of common colorectal diseases; neither can be said to be more severe than the other, as the severity of each disease depends on its progression and extent. If it's a simple superficial anal fistula, the severity is generally mild, primarily treated with surgery. However, if a high, complex anal fistula is present, in addition to surgery, a comprehensive pelvic MRI examination is also required to rule out any infections in the deep sphincter and ischioanal fossa. The severity of hemorrhoids primarily involves circular mixed hemorrhoids, or those accompanied by incarceration. If circular mixed hemorrhoids with incarceration occur, it is advisable to undergo surgical treatment as soon as possible to avoid necrosis. If hemorrhoids result in persistent and significant rectal bleeding, surgery should also be performed promptly to prevent anemia in the patient.

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Written by Chen Tian Jing

Colorectal Surgery

1min 3sec

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What should be paid attention to for anal fistula?

Patients with anal fistula, as there is an external opening in the anal region and intermittent thick secretion from this opening, should first ensure to keep the perianal area clean. It is recommended to change underwear daily and to cleanse the area after bowel movements with saline or hemorrhoid wash, and to conduct fumigation and hot compresses around the perianal area and the external opening to prevent irritation and even sharp pain caused by residual feces and secretions. Furthermore, during acute episodes of anal fistula, mupirocin ointment can be applied around the external opening for anti-inflammatory treatment. The definitive surgery for anal fistula primarily involves fistulotomy with seton placement. Without surgery, an anal fistula cannot be completely cured and may lead to worsened conditions such as thickening of the fistula wall or increased branching of the fistula channels.