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Chen Xie
Endocrinology
About me
Loudi Central Hospital, Endocrinology Department, attending physician, has been engaged in clinical work in endocrinology for many years, with rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine system diseases.
Proficient in diseases
Specialize in common diseases related to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and the reproductive axis.
Voices
What are the clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer?
For patients with thyroid cancer, the most common clinical manifestation is thyroid nodules, and most patients do not have obvious clinical symptoms, only being incidentally discovered during physical examinations. In rare cases, patients may seek medical attention due to enlarged cervical lymph nodes. As the condition progresses, the neck mass gradually enlarges, becomes firmer, and its mobility decreases during swallowing. In some rapid developments, it may invade surrounding tissues, leading to late-stage symptoms such as hoarseness, difficulty breathing, and difficulty swallowing. When the cervical sympathetic nerve is compressed, it can cause pain in the ears, occipital region, and shoulders. In the case of medullary carcinoma, which can produce serotonin and calcitonin, patients may sometimes experience symptoms such as diarrhea, palpitations, facial flushing, or decreased blood calcium levels.
How to cure Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is characterized by autoimmune antibodies destroying the thyroid gland, leading to a gradual decline in thyroid function and manifesting symptoms of hypothyroidism. Currently, this disease is incurable. Treatment mainly includes restricting iodine intake to keep it within a safe range to prevent the progression of autoimmune destruction of the thyroid. Patients who only have thyroid swelling without hypothyroidism generally do not require treatment. However, once hypothyroidism occurs, it can be treated with levothyroxine to alleviate the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Nevertheless, current levothyroxine treatment cannot stop the progression of the disease. When the thyroid swells rapidly with local pain or compressive symptoms, treatment with glucocorticoids can be considered. However, if the symptoms do not improve or the compressive symptoms are significant, surgical treatment may be considered, although the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism post-surgery is higher.
What kind of salt should be consumed for Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is a type of autoimmune thyroiditis that can manifest as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or normal thyroid function during its progression. Therefore, there are different requirements for the type of salt to consume depending on the state of thyroid function. When Hashimoto's thyroiditis presents with hyperthyroidism, it is recommended to consume non-iodized salt. When thyroid function is normal in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodized salt can be consumed. When Hashimoto's thyroiditis is accompanied by hypothyroidism, there is no specific requirement for consuming iodized or non-iodized salt. Because at this stage, the thyroid has largely lost its ability to synthesize thyroid hormones, and treatment involves replacing them with levothyroxine to maintain thyroid function. Therefore, the intake of iodine does not matter, and one can freely choose to consume iodized or non-iodized salt. Thus, the choice of salt in Hashimoto's thyroiditis should be based on thyroid function testing.
Is Hashimoto's thyroiditis hereditary?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is not hereditary. However, it tends to cluster in families, meaning if one's parents have a history of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, their offspring have a relatively higher risk of developing the disease. However, this is not absolute heredity; it simply indicates a familial clustering tendency. Treatment for Hashimoto's thyroiditis is relatively effective. If hypothyroidism occurs, one only needs to take lifelong replacement therapy with levothyroxine to maintain thyroid function within the normal range, which has minimal impact on the body. Therefore, there is no need for excessive worry.
Does thyroiditis cause fever?
The causes of thyroiditis can be divided into subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Subacute thyroiditis is mainly due to viral infections, with apparent tenderness in the thyroid area, and this type of subacute thyroiditis can cause fever. Its treatment mainly involves non-steroidal medications, or steroids can be used during inflammation, The course of subacute thyroiditis is self-limiting and can be cured, whereas autoimmune thyroiditis is caused by autoantibodies that destroy the thyroid follicular cells, and this type of thyroiditis does not cause fever. (Please use medication under the guidance of a doctor)
Does Hashimoto's thyroiditis cause weight loss?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune thyroiditis where autoantibodies within the body cause the destruction of thyroid follicular cells, leading to thyroid cell failure. During the course of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism may occur. Due to the destruction of thyroid follicles by autoantibodies, a significant release of thyroid hormones into the blood occurs, resulting in a hyperthyroid state. Therefore, symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance, and excessive sweating which are typical of hyperthyroidism may also appear in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. However, as the disease progresses, the condition gradually leads to decreased thyroid function.
Is Hashimoto's thyroiditis contagious?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease, which is neither hereditary nor contagious, but it does tend to run in families. If parents have Hashimoto's thyroiditis, their children are at a relatively higher risk of developing the disease. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not contagious, so everyone can be reassured. As for the treatment of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, if hypothyroidism occurs, one simply needs to take levothyroxine on time for replacement therapy to restore thyroid function to normal levels without any special discomfort. When the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis is relatively large and causes significant compression symptoms, surgical treatment can be considered. Therefore, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not contagious, nor is it hereditary, but it does have a familial clustering tendency.
Do thyroid cysts require surgery?
Thyroid cysts are benign nodules that generally only require follow-up observation. It is recommended to have a re-examination every 6 to 12 months, including thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function tests, to monitor the status of the cyst. If the cyst is large and affects breathing or even swallowing, cyst aspiration drainage can be performed, and nowadays radiofrequency ablation surgery is also an option. However, if the thyroid cyst shows signs of malignancy, a puncture for cytological examination is necessary to determine its benign or malignant nature. If it is malignant, thyroid cancer removal surgery is needed. Therefore, not all thyroid cysts require surgical treatment; it depends on the specific situation.
How to treat thyroid cysts?
Treatment of thyroid cysts generally does not require special treatment, just regular monitoring of thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function. Thyroid function must be monitored for thyroid cysts. When thyroid function is reduced, hormone replacement therapy is needed. When thyroid function is hyperactive, anti-thyroid treatment is needed. If the patient's thyroid function is normal, only regular monitoring of thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function is required to understand changes in the size of the cyst. However, if the cyst is large enough to cause symptoms such as breathing difficulties or carotid ischemia, surgical treatment is recommended in a timely manner. Currently, radiofrequency treatment is also a new treatment method, which can be considered as an alternative option, but it is not recommended.
The dangers of gestational diabetes
The harms of gestational diabetes mainly include two aspects: the effects on the child and the effects on the pregnant woman herself. For the fetus, the early impacts mainly manifest as spontaneous miscarriage, fetal abnormalities, abnormal fetal development, macrosomia, and delayed maturation of fetal lungs. At birth, this may lead to complications such as premature birth and hypoglycemia. Newborns face a higher risk of respiratory distress syndrome compared to healthy infants. The long-term effects on the child mainly include a significantly increased incidence of glucose intolerance and diabetes, increased risk of obesity, and notable rise in cardiovascular abnormalities and neuromotor developmental disorders. For the mother, the impacts mainly manifest as concurrent miscarriage, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, an increased likelihood of diabetic ketoacidosis. A macrosomic fetus can lead to difficult labor, trauma to the birth canal, prolonged surgical labor, postpartum hemorrhage, and an increased risk of gestational diabetes in subsequent pregnancies, extended hospital stays, and a significantly increased incidence of Type 2 diabetes postpartum.