Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
Updated on September 24, 2024
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The symptoms of nasal cancer can be numerous. In the early stages, symptoms might not be apparent because the area affected is relatively small, which can make the symptoms unclear. Possible symptoms include bloody nasal discharge and poor nasal airflow. Some patients might experience a foreign body sensation in the nasopharyngeal area. The most important thing, however, is to use diagnostic aids to make an assessment. This can include a nasopharyngoscopy, an enhanced CT of the nasopharynx, or an enhanced MRI to preliminarily determine the presence of a tumor. If a tumor is suspected, it is possible to consider performing a biopsy and lab tests under endoscopy. Only after completing the biopsy and lab tests can it be confirmed whether it is nasopharyngeal cancer, and then further treatment plans can be considered.

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Written by Deng Bang Yu
Otolaryngology
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Distinction between Nasopharyngitis and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma have fundamental differences. Nasopharyngitis is an inflammatory disease, while nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor disease. Clinically, nasopharyngitis mainly presents with increased secretions in the nasopharyngeal area, sometimes with a slight amount of bloody secretions, but this is extremely rare. On the other hand, nasopharyngeal carcinoma primarily shows symptoms such as the proliferation of malignant tumor tissues in the nasopharynx, enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck, headaches, and ear stuffiness. In terms of treatment, nasopharyngitis is primarily treated with medications, such as traditional Chinese medicines, nasal sprays, and nasal corticosteroids; whereas nasopharyngeal carcinoma is primarily treated with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, which is currently the common sandwich therapy. Overall, there are fundamental differences between the two.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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Where is the best place to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma currently mainly considers radiation therapy and chemotherapy, with radiation therapy as the primary treatment. It requires staging and typing based on different ranges of lesions and pathological biopsy types. After determining the stage and type, further radiation and chemotherapy plans can be established. At present, radiation therapy is the most important. Most patients need concurrent chemotherapy or adjuvant chemotherapy and require regular follow-ups. For some patients with cervical lymph node metastasis or recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy, who cannot undergo radiation or chemotherapy again or for whom radiation and chemotherapy have failed, surgery may be considered. However, surgery is generally not the first choice and its effectiveness is not particularly certain.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
52sec home-news-image

Early symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

The symptoms of nasal cancer can be numerous. In the early stages, symptoms might not be apparent because the area affected is relatively small, which can make the symptoms unclear. Possible symptoms include bloody nasal discharge and poor nasal airflow. Some patients might experience a foreign body sensation in the nasopharyngeal area. The most important thing, however, is to use diagnostic aids to make an assessment. This can include a nasopharyngoscopy, an enhanced CT of the nasopharynx, or an enhanced MRI to preliminarily determine the presence of a tumor. If a tumor is suspected, it is possible to consider performing a biopsy and lab tests under endoscopy. Only after completing the biopsy and lab tests can it be confirmed whether it is nasopharyngeal cancer, and then further treatment plans can be considered.

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home-news-image
Written by Deng Bang Yu
Otolaryngology
1min 21sec home-news-image

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinical manifestations

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the nasopharyngeal area, and clinically, it is primarily squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is particularly high in the southern regions of China, especially in Guangdong. Initially, nasopharyngeal carcinoma manifests locally as a tumorous mass in the nasopharyngeal area, often with ulceration on the surface. This can lead to the presence of blood in nasal mucus, known as bloody nasal discharge. As the disease progresses, there can be swelling of the cervical lymph nodes, primarily involving the upper deep cervical lymph nodes, with about 60% of patients experiencing this type of lymph node enlargement. As the tumor enlarges, it may block the nasal passage, leading to persistent nasal congestion. The tumor's pressure on the Eustachian tube can cause symptoms of secretory otitis media. Furthermore, damage to the skull base by the tumor can lead to severe headaches. As a malignant tumor, the cancer can cause systemic symptoms such as malnutrition and cachexia. In advanced stages, metastatic symptoms may appear, such as bone and liver metastases, affecting these vital organs.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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How is nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed?

The examination of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is mainly divided into two major categories. The first category is imaging examinations, and the second category is pathological biopsy tests. Imaging examinations primarily involve performing a CT or MRI of the nasopharyngeal area to determine the scope of the cancerous changes in the nasopharynx, which is quite helpful for clinical staging and typing. It also plays a role in designing targeted therapy for subsequent radiation treatment. Pathological testing is an important means for diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Generally, it requires a nasopharyngoscopy. If cancerous changes are suspected during the nasopharyngoscopy, a pathological biopsy can be taken simultaneously. After the biopsy, the specific differentiation degree and type of cancer can be determined. Then, in conjunction with the imaging examinations, a plan for radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be formulated.