Is vulvar cancer stage III considered advanced?

Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

Updated on September 07, 2024

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Vulvar cancer is a type of malignant tumor in women's gynecology, which has a relatively low clinical incidence rate. For stage III vulvar cancer, it is considered advanced vulvar cancer. Advanced vulvar cancer indicates that the lesion has spread. For vulvar cancer with lesion spread, surgical treatment should be pursued if possible. For patients who cannot undergo surgery, options like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and other comprehensive combined treatment methods can be considered for cancer treatment. However, for patients with advanced vulvar cancer, the aim of treatment is mainly to improve the quality of life and extend the survival time, as complete clinical cure of the tumor is not possible. Only early-stage vulvar cancer, after receiving curative surgery or curative radiotherapy, may achieve a clinically cured effect.

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Is vulvar leukoplakia cancer?

First, vulvar lichen sclerosus is not cancerous. Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a general term that can be divided into many types, and the cause of the disease is unknown. The main symptoms include itching, atrophy, and whitening of the vulva. Because of vulvar itching, long-term scratching can lead to local skin thickening, cracking, and a certain risk of cell degeneration and malignancy. When vulvar lichen sclerosus occurs, patients need to visit a hospital for a colposcopy to rule out precancerous lesions. The usual treatment focuses on symptomatic relief, primarily to alleviate itching. If the itching is severe or if the treatment with medication is ineffective, photodynamic therapy can be used, which also has good effects.

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Late-stage vulvar cancer can spread to where?

Patients with vulvar cancer generally have lymphatic metastasis because there are many lymphatic vessels in the perineum, and the capillaries of the lymphatic system are interconnected. Thus, vulvar cancer can lead to bilateral lymphatic vessel spread. Initially, it leads to superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then it spreads to the bone lymph nodes below the groin, and eventually progresses to the lymph nodes alongside the aorta and the lymph nodes below the left clavicle. If the cancer is located in the clitoris, it may bypass the superficial inguinal lymph nodes and directly spread to the lymph nodes inside the pelvis. The tumor in the vulvar area will gradually increase in size; it generally does not invade the muscle fascia or adjacent structures. If the vagina is invaded, it can easily and immediately involve the levator ani muscles, rectum, urethral opening, and bladder, among others.

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Will the vulvar cancer be rotten in the late stage?

Patients with advanced vulvar cancer do not all show signs of internal ulceration. This is because, for most patients with vulvar cancer, the progression of the disease can lead to invasion of the surrounding tissues or distant metastasis. Some patients may experience heavy local infiltration, leading to tissue ulceration. However, most patients in the advanced stages primarily show symptoms related to lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. When patients with advanced vulvar cancer develop lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, they may experience symptoms of metastatic lesions, such as inguinal lymph node metastasis causing limb swelling and pain. If there are distant metastases to the lungs, liver, or other areas, patients may exhibit respiratory symptoms such as coughing and expectoration, or liver-related symptoms such as pain in the liver area or decreased appetite.

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Does vulvar cancer ulceration infect family members?

Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system with a low incidence rate clinically. Many patients with vulvar cancer experience ulcerations in their lesions. Even when ulceration occurs in vulvar cancer lesions, it is not contagious to family members because vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor and does not possess contagiousness. The occurrence of infectious diseases necessarily requires three core elements: a source of infection, a transmission route, and a susceptible population. The formation of an infection without these three elements is impossible. When ulceration occurs in vulvar cancer lesions, it is due to the tumor lesion and is non-contagious; however, it is prone to concurrent infections, causing clinical symptoms such as fever, localized pain, and bleeding, which greatly afflict the patients. In cases of ulceration in vulvar cancer, besides controlling the infection and managing local symptoms, it is also necessary to provide aggressive anti-tumor treatment.

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Is vulvar cancer stage III considered advanced?

Vulvar cancer is a type of malignant tumor in women's gynecology, which has a relatively low clinical incidence rate. For stage III vulvar cancer, it is considered advanced vulvar cancer. Advanced vulvar cancer indicates that the lesion has spread. For vulvar cancer with lesion spread, surgical treatment should be pursued if possible. For patients who cannot undergo surgery, options like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and other comprehensive combined treatment methods can be considered for cancer treatment. However, for patients with advanced vulvar cancer, the aim of treatment is mainly to improve the quality of life and extend the survival time, as complete clinical cure of the tumor is not possible. Only early-stage vulvar cancer, after receiving curative surgery or curative radiotherapy, may achieve a clinically cured effect.