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26
Zhou Yan
Geriatrics
About me
Member of the 7th Rehabilitation Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Rehabilitation Medicine, and Chairman of the 1st Youth Committee of the Geriatric Health Medical Professional Committee of the Hunan Provincial Women Physicians Association.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in geriatric internal medicine diseases, particularly in the rescue of cardiovascular critical illnesses such as acute coronary syndrome, hypertensive crisis, malignant arrhythmia, acute heart failure, etc.
Voices
What should elderly people do if they have slight urinary incontinence?
Urinary incontinence is relatively common in the elderly. After excluding organic causes of urinary incontinence through examination, we should consider functional causes. This is mainly due to the relaxation of the urethral sphincter, pelvic floor, and the muscles around the urethra, which decreases the urethral pressure. When the abdominal pressure increases, it can cause urinary incontinence. We can improve the muscles of the pelvic floor gradually by undergoing pelvic floor rehabilitation therapy, which increases their strength and improves urinary incontinence. The key to pelvic floor rehabilitation is to provide patients with guidance and exercises for lifting the anus. By persisting in these exercises, the symptoms of urinary incontinence can be alleviated or eliminated.
Is angina pectoris coronary heart disease?
Coronary heart disease refers to the occurrence of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries, leading to narrowing or blockage of the lumen, causing myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, and necrosis resulting in heart disease. Through different pathological anatomy and pathophysiology, there are five major types, including asymptomatic coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and sudden death. Angina pectoris is one type of coronary heart disease.
Early symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease begins inconspicuously and progresses gradually. There are two main categories of symptoms in Parkinson's disease: motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. In the early stages of the disease, one can appear normal, or may experience motor symptoms like bradykinesia or rigidity, often starting asymmetrically. Symptoms commonly begin on one side of the upper limbs, and less frequently start from the lower limbs, eventually spreading to the limbs on the other side. Non-motor symptoms can occur at various stages of Parkinson's disease, including the pre-motor phase, such as loss of smell, sleep disturbances, constipation, depression, and more.
What should be avoided in the diet for Parkinson's disease?
For patients with Parkinson's disease, we advocate comprehensive treatment and full-course management. Drug treatment is the core treatment method, while surgical treatment can supplement drug therapy. Physical rehabilitation and psychological therapy should also be conducted. What should patients with Parkinson's disease avoid eating? Generally, patients with Parkinson's disease are prone to constipation. Therefore, we should avoid consuming spicy and greasy foods that may lead to constipation, and try to eat vegetables and fruits to keep the bowel movements regular.
What is the best way to exercise for Parkinson's disease?
Patients with Parkinson's disease should undergo comprehensive treatment and full management. Drug treatment is the core treatment plan, but it is also necessary to include physical rehabilitation and psychological therapy. For physical therapy, patients should be encouraged to exercise more, as this can help improve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. The type and intensity of exercise should be chosen based on the patient's motor symptoms. Tai Chi, jogging, brisk walking, and aerobics are all suitable forms of exercise, and it is advisable to exercise four times a week, with each session lasting about 30 minutes. Evidence has shown that Tai Chi can improve patients' balance disorders, and long-term persistence in exercise can help improve their quality of life.
Triggers of acute heart failure
The triggers of acute heart failure include the following aspects: Respiratory infections are the most common and important trigger, and infective endocarditis is also not uncommon. However, due to its concealed onset, it is easily underdiagnosed. The second is arrhythmia, among which atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias in organic heart disease and is also an important factor leading to heart failure. Additionally, rapid arrhythmias can also cause acute heart failure. The third is an increase in blood volume, such as excessive salt intake or excessive or rapid intravenous fluid administration. The fourth is excessive physical exertion or emotional excitement, such as during late pregnancy or childbirth. The fifth aspect is improper treatment, inappropriate use of diuretics or antihypertensive drugs, which can also trigger an episode of acute heart failure. Furthermore, whether it is an exacerbation of existing heart disease or complications with other diseases, such as coronary heart disease with myocardial infarction, rheumatic disease becoming active, or complications with hyperthyroidism or anemia, can all cause acute heart failure.
Is myocarditis easy to treat?
Myocarditis refers to the inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Symptoms of myocarditis can vary greatly; some individuals may exhibit no symptoms, while others may experience cardiogenic shock or sudden death. Currently, there are no specific treatments for myocarditis. Patients should avoid exertion, rest appropriately, and receive nutritional support. It is advised to encourage patients to consume a diet that is easy to digest and rich in vitamins and proteins. For asymptomatic patients, attention should be paid to rest and nutrition. However, in cases where there is left ventricular dysfunction, treatment primarily supports these symptoms. For instance, in the event of heart failure, diuretics, vasodilators, or ACE inhibitors might be administered. Most cases of myocarditis are self-limiting, but there are occasional instances of fulminant or severe myocarditis, which should be taken seriously. Therefore, the treatability of myocarditis is related to the extent and location of the pathological changes. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)
What medicine to buy for arrhythmia?
Arrhythmia encompasses a large category of diseases, including sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, as well as atrial fibrillation, flutter, premature atrial contractions, supraventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and atrioventricular block, among others. Due to the various types of arrhythmias, the medications used also differ. It is necessary to go to a hospital for a clear diagnosis to determine the specific type of arrhythmia before using appropriate anti-arrhythmic drugs. Some arrhythmias cannot be resolved just by medication; for instance, in cases like pacemaker syndrome, a pacemaker needs to be installed. Additionally, patients with atrial fibrillation who have tachy-brady syndrome also require a pacemaker. Therefore, the decision on what medication to purchase for arrhythmia should be made by a doctor.
What should be avoided in the diet for myocarditis?
Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Currently, there is no specific treatment for myocarditis. Patients should avoid fatigue, rest adequately to reduce cardiac load, and pay attention to nutritional intake. It is encouraged to eat easily digestible foods that are rich in vitamins and high in protein, and to avoid spicy, greasy, and hard-to-digest foods. Additionally, it is advisable to consume more fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamin C.
How is myocarditis diagnosed?
The examination of myocarditis includes several aspects: First, the biochemical blood test shows that white blood cells can increase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate can accelerate, and both cardiac enzymes and troponins can rise. There may also be abnormalities in the electrocardiogram, such as arrhythmias or ST-segment changes. In addition, there are X-ray examinations, which can show an enlarged heart shadow or pulmonary congestion. Echocardiograms may not show any specific changes or can exhibit phase-dependent or regional abnormalities in ventricular wall motion. Furthermore, nuclear imaging and magnetic resonance imaging indicate the presence of fluttering and inflammatory changes. The virological examination can isolate the virus through throat swabs or stool samples, and if necessary, an endocardial or myocardial biopsy can be performed.