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Zhang Peng
General Surgery
About me
Studied at Changzhi Medical College from 2004 to 2009, graduated with a bachelor's degree; Studied at Qinghai University from 2009 to 2012, graduated with a master's degree in surgery; Employed at Linfen People's Hospital in July 2012, working in general surgery to present. Visiting scholar at Peking University Medical School from March to December 2019.
Proficient in diseases
Common diseases in general surgery: comprehensive treatment of gastrointestinal tumors, thyroid and breast diseases, inguinal hernia, etc.
Voices
Is tetanus fatal?
Tetanus infection is quite frightening, with current statistics showing that the mortality rate of tetanus infections can be as high as 40%, and about a million people die from tetanus globally each year. The current principle is to promptly inject tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immunoglobulin for sharp, deep wounds. For tetanus infection, the main symptoms manifest as local or systemic muscle rigidity and spasms. The incubation period varies; if a tetanus vaccination has been previously administered, or depending on the infection and treatment of the wound, the severity of the onset can differ. The prodromal period typically presents symptoms like dizziness, headache, heightened reflexes, restlessness, and possible difficulty opening the mouth; during the convulsive phase, there is continuous muscle contraction, eventually causing persistent spasms in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Causes of intestinal obstruction
Generally, the basic causes of intestinal obstruction can be divided into three categories. The most common is mechanical intestinal obstruction, which mainly includes blockage of the intestinal lumen, such as large fecal masses or corresponding foreign objects, and even parasites. The second type is compression of the intestinal tube, which can be caused by adhesions leading to torsion of the intestine or compression by tumors, and congenital inflammatory strictures and tumors can cause mechanical intestinal obstruction. The second major category is dynamic intestinal obstruction, which is primarily due to weakened peristaltic ability of the intestine, resulting in paralytic intestinal obstruction. This condition can be improved by adjusting intestinal function disorders or treating intestinal spasms. The third type is intestinal obstruction caused by vascular issues in the intestines, most commonly thrombosis of the mesentery or compression causing vascular disorders of the intestines.
How long does a tetanus shot last?
Regarding how long a tetanus shot lasts, it depends on which type has been administered. Generally, there are two types of tetanus injections: tetanus immunoglobulin and tetanus antitoxin. Typically, doctors perform a skin test before administering the tetanus antitoxin; if the patient has a positive skin test and cannot tolerate desensitization treatment, tetanus immunoglobulin can be administered instead. These two medications have different metabolic times and their preventive effects vary. The metabolic time for tetanus antitoxin is generally one week, whereas for tetanus immunoglobulin, it can last about 28 days. Therefore, how long a tetanus shot lasts depends on the specific circumstances of the patient’s injection.
Do intestinal obstructions cause vomiting?
The typical four major symptoms of intestinal obstruction are pain, vomiting, bloating, and constipation. Vomiting refers to the urge to vomit; however, it does not mean that every patient with an obstruction must exhibit symptoms of vomiting, as the symptoms vary depending on the location of the obstruction. Obstructions can be categorized into lower and upper types. Upper obstruction may present more apparent vomiting symptoms, while lower obstruction might lead to significant bloating but less obvious vomiting. Therefore, vomiting is not a necessary symptom for the treatment of intestinal obstruction, but it can help in assessing the condition of the obstruction.
Can an umbilical hernia heal itself?
Umbilical hernias can heal on their own, but we need to choose the appropriate method during the treatment process. Generally, if the umbilical hernia occurs before the age of two, we can choose a coin larger than the umbilical ring or a flat board, wrap it in gauze to press against the umbilical ring, and then use tape to secure it to prevent it from moving. In such cases, the hernia may heal on its own. During the observational treatment of an umbilical hernia, it is also important to prevent the child from engaging in vigorous activities or crying. If the diameter of the umbilical ring exceeds 1.5cm after the age two, we recommend choosing surgical treatment. Generally, if the umbilical hernia has not healed by the age of five, we actively recommend opting for surgical treatment. If the child's improper lifestyle can cause aggravation or even rupture of the umbilical hernia, emergency surgery is required in such cases.
Is allergic purpura with abdominal pain easy to treat?
Allergic purpura with abdominal pain, also known as abdominal allergic purpura, involves gastrointestinal symptoms associated with allergic purpura, primarily characterized by episodic severe abdominal pain, usually around the navel or lower abdomen, and may sometimes be accompanied by vomiting. Treatment typically involves bed rest, actively identifying the cause, controlling infections, and supplementing relevant vitamins. It's also important to check for any symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding. If there are signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, strict dietary management is necessary, blood transfusions may be required when needed, and the healing of the gastrointestinal tract must be monitored. Medications to suppress acid or protect the gastric mucosa could be considered. Generally, the prognosis for allergic purpura is favorable, though very few severe cases may experience gastrointestinal complications such as bleeding, intussusception, or even necrosis. Although the prognosis is generally good, relapse is common. (Please use medications under the guidance of a professional physician and do not self-medicate.)
Can umbilical hernia be treated with moxibustion?
Umbilical hernia is fundamentally a surgical condition. The effectiveness of moxibustion in treating umbilical hernia is generally not very clear, and currently, there is no scientific basis to prove that moxibustion can cure umbilical hernia. Typically, umbilical hernias occur when the umbilical ring does not completely close. In children under six months, a conservative treatment approach is usually chosen. This can involve using a coin or cardboard larger than the umbilical ring, wrapping it to press against the ring, and securing it with adhesive tape to prevent movement. Most patients under six months old can heal naturally. For umbilical hernias, if the child is over two years old and the umbilical ring is still larger than 1.5 cm, surgical treatment is recommended. Moxibustion treatment does not offer significant benefits in the treatment of umbilical hernias. Therefore, as umbilical hernia is a surgical condition, it is advised that patients undergo surgery if their condition permits.
Is intestinal obstruction dangerous?
Whether intestinal obstruction is dangerous depends on the actual individualized level. If the obstruction has progressed to symptoms of peritonitis, and if intestinal necrosis cannot be ruled out, not performing timely exploratory laparotomy surgery could potentially endanger the patient's life. However, if it is just a mild incomplete obstruction, with signs of passing gas and stools, and the patient’s abdominal symptoms are not pronounced, and related examinations are not concerning, then the risk to the patient might be relatively smaller. Therefore, in such cases, it is not possible to generalize, and decisions need to be made based on the individual situation.
Can an umbilical hernia be massaged back into the abdominal cavity?
Umbilical hernias can be massaged back into the abdominal cavity, but if the hernia suddenly becomes hard, or increases in size significantly and cannot be reduced promptly, careful observation is needed to determine if incarceration has occurred. If incarceration persists for too long, it might lead to intestinal necrosis or rupture. Generally, umbilical hernias can self-heal within six months through conservative treatment. If the diameter of the umbilical ring still exceeds 1.5 centimeters after the age of two, it is advised to opt for surgical treatment. For patients over five years old, surgery is recommended under any circumstances. In conservative treatment of umbilical hernias, the most common method involves using an object larger than the umbilical ring, such as a coin or cardboard, wrapped and fixed to the umbilical area, then secured with adhesive tape to prevent movement. Generally, this treatment method is quite effective.
Early symptoms of intestinal obstruction
What are the early symptoms of intestinal obstruction? For intestinal obstruction, the symptoms that appear in the early stages vary depending on the location of the obstruction. If it is a high-level obstruction, the main early symptoms are nausea and vomiting. If it is a low-level obstruction, abdominal distension is more prominent early on, and nausea and vomiting are less common. Additionally, the cause of the obstruction also leads to different symptoms. For instance, if the obstruction is simply due to adhesions in the abdominal cavity, the early symptoms may include poor appetite or nausea and vomiting. If it is caused by tumors in the digestive tract, early symptoms might include abdominal bloating, difficulty defecating, bloody stools, or changes in the characteristics of the stool, among others.