Thyroid nodule surgery risks

Written by Zhang Peng

General Surgery

Updated on February 05, 2025

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The hazards of thyroid surgery actually refer to the risks involved in thyroid surgery. Thyroid surgery is now a common treatment method. The main risks of thyroid surgery include anesthesia on one hand, and postoperative bleeding on the other. There might be a need for a second incision for decompression. The most common complications are choking while drinking water and hoarseness of voice, mainly due to the involvement or damage to relevant nerves during the surgery. Generally, these complications resolve after a period of adjustment, and most people can recover normally.

Other Voices

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Written by Lin Xiang Dong

Endocrinology

43sec

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Where to do acupuncture for thyroid nodules?

Thyroid nodules do not require acupuncture treatment. The vast majority of thyroid nodules are benign, with only a small portion, about 5%, being malignant. We generally determine the treatment approach based on whether the nodule is benign or malignant. For benign nodules, we typically follow up with observation, while malignant nodules require surgical treatment and oral medication, or Iodine-131 radiotherapy. The primary evaluation for distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules relies on the results of color Doppler ultrasound and the pathology results from thyroid fine-needle aspiration.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun

Endocrinology

52sec

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The difference between thyroid nodules and nodular goiter

Thyroid nodules are the clinical manifestations of nodular goiter, and nodular goiter is the cause of thyroid nodules. Nodular goiter generally occurs in iodine-deficient areas, forming these partial or multiple thyroid nodules. Thyroid nodules are the clinical manifestations of nodular goiter; the nodules in the thyroid can be single or multiple and can cause abnormal thyroid function, although thyroid function can also be normal in the early stages. Therefore, when performing an ultrasound, if thyroid nodules are discovered, it is necessary to further assess thyroid function and dynamically track changes in the size of the thyroid nodules to determine whether it is nodular goiter.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

1min 38sec

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Probability of thyroid nodules becoming cancerous

The malignant manifestation of thyroid nodules is thyroid cancer. Thus, thyroid nodules are divided into two major categories: benign and malignant. Benign nodules generally make up the vast majority, with malignancies accounting for less than 5%. Malignant thyroid nodules are cancerous. Some benign thyroid nodules may also become malignant over time. Generally, small nodules do not show obvious clinical symptoms during the cancerous transformation, but their nature changes. When a nodule compresses surrounding tissues and causes certain symptoms, such as hoarseness, tracheal compression, and difficulty swallowing, it often indicates that the tumor is in the middle or late stage. Overall, the chances of benign nodules becoming cancerous are very small. The malignancy rate of benign nodular goiter is about 5%, and the possibility of adenomas turning malignant is around 10%. As the diameter increases, the possibility of adenomas becoming malignant gradually increases. There are several high-risk factors for the malignant transformation of thyroid nodules: for instance, having a history of radiation exposure to the head and neck area during childhood or adolescence, patients who are younger than 14 or older than 70; the rate of malignant transformation of thyroid nodules significantly increases; and the rate of malignant transformation in male nodules is significantly higher than in females. Also, patients whose nodules significantly increase in size in a short period during regular check-ups are also considered high-risk for malignancy.

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Written by Hu Jian Zhuo

Nephrology and Endocrinology

45sec

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Is thyroid nodule ablation a good treatment?

Thyroid nodule ablation has its advantages over traditional surgery, but it also has its shortcomings. The advantages include minimal trauma, less bleeding, and less pain for the patient. Ablation involves inserting an ablation needle through the skin of the patient's neck, directly into the tumor to perform the ablation with the goal of eliminating the nodule. Since it does not require cutting, it reduces damage to surrounding tissues and bleeding, allowing the patient to resume activities earlier and reduce suffering. However, the drawback is that ablation is effective for smaller benign thyroid masses, but for complex or malignant thyroid nodules, the treatment effectiveness is poor, and its use is not advocated.

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Written by Luo Juan

Endocrinology

1min 9sec

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Can thyroid nodules be treated?

It depends on the situation. For some patients, we can evaluate whether thyroid nodules are accompanied by changes in thyroid function. If there is an overactive thyroid, antithyroid treatment is necessary. If there is underactive thyroid function, appropriate thyroid hormone supplementation is needed, and some patients' nodules can shrink. Additionally, for some thyroid nodules, if there are no accompanying changes in thyroid function, and the nodules are assessed as benign through ultrasound and other evaluations, no special treatment is generally needed. It is recommended to monitor thyroid ultrasound and function every six months to a year. Furthermore, if some thyroid nodules grow rapidly or there is a potential for cancerous changes, or if there are significant compressive symptoms, we can also perform a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid cells, or surgical treatment. Therefore, whether thyroid nodules can be treated also depends on the situation.