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Yan Xin Liang
Pediatrics
About me
Graduated from Nanhua University, engaged in pediatric work for over 10 years, and have further studied at Hunan Children's Hospital, Xiangya Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital.
Proficient in diseases
Diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in pediatric internal medicine, especially skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric respiratory system and neurological diseases, such as pediatric convulsions, epilepsy, asthma, and lung infections...
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How to treat baby keratitis?
Firstly, keratitis can be considered to be caused by bacterial or viral infections, with bacterial keratitis being more common. In such cases, we can first use saline or warm boiled water to rinse the cornea clean, and then apply eye drops, specifically antibacterial and anti-inflammatory ones, such as Tobramycin Eye Drops. Apply three to four drops, three to four times a day, and continue for three to five days. The symptoms of keratitis will then alleviate.
What to do about infantile colic?
Infantile colic is generally spasm-induced pain in the intestines. During acute episodes, a hot water bottle can be applied to the abdomen to alleviate symptoms. Additionally, massaging the abdomen in a clockwise direction can promote intestinal peristalsis, thus facilitating the expulsion of gas and bowel movements, which helps relieve symptoms of intestinal colic. Furthermore, dietary considerations are crucial for infants experiencing colic. Consumption of foods high in animal proteins such as milk, eggs, and fish may trigger colic episodes. Therefore, it is advisable to consume more vegetables and fruits which are rich in rough fibers, as they promote bowel movements and can reduce the frequency of colic episodes.
What to do if a child has gastroenteritis?
For children with gastroenteritis, we first treat the gut with probiotics, such as oral bifidobacterium or lactobacillus acidophilus. Then, we can provide gastrointestinal mucosal protectants, such as montmorillonite powder. At the same time, since gastroenteritis may cause dehydration and electrolyte disorders, it is necessary to replenish fluids and electrolytes, commonly using oral rehydration salts. If the gastroenteritis is suspected to be caused by a viral infection, some antiviral medications should be taken orally. If it is considered to be caused by a bacterial infection, oral antibiotics for anti-infection treatment, such as cephalosporins or penicillins, should be administered.
Do children with colds need to take cephalosporins?
Common colds in children are generally divided into bacterial colds and viral colds, with the majority being viral colds. For viral colds, it is mainly important to monitor body temperature and mental state, among other conditions. If there is a high fever, fever-reducing measures should be taken, and some antipyretic and detoxifying medications may be administered. If a bacterial cold is considered, such as acute tonsillitis caused by streptococcal infection, the use of sensitive antibiotics, such as cefaclor or cefixime, should be added to the treatment. Therefore, not all colds require cefaclor, but if the upper respiratory infection is caused by bacterial infection, cefaclor-type medications are needed for treatment. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)
Symptoms of sinusitis in babies
Baby sinusitis is divided into acute sinusitis and chronic sinusitis. Acute sinusitis often occurs during the course of acute rhinitis, with worsened symptoms on the affected side, which can include chills, fever, general malaise, lack of energy, nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, localized pain, headache, reduced sense of smell, and decreased appetite. The symptoms of chronic sinusitis are relatively mild or not obvious, generally including dizziness, easy fatigue, listlessness, poor appetite, reduced memory, and lack of concentration.
Will babies drinking soy milk lead to precocious puberty?
Soy milk is a rather nutritious food, containing rich plant protein and phospholipids, as well as vitamins B1, B2, and folic acid. Additionally, it contains iron, calcium, minerals, and other nutrients, making it an exceptional source of nutrition for children. It is generally fine for babies to drink soy milk in moderation as it can supplement various nutrients in the body. However, it should not be consumed in excess, as some studies have indicated that excessive consumption of soy milk could lead to pseudoprecocious puberty, which refers to early breast development. But, this is only pseudoprecocity, so there is no need for excessive worry. At the same time, attention should also be paid to other aspects of the diet, such as not consuming too many beverages and avoiding out-of-season vegetables.
How is phenylketonuria diagnosed?
How is phenylketonuria diagnosed? Firstly, we start with screening, which is usually done when the newborn is 3 to 7 days old by heel prick to collect peripheral blood, which is then dropped onto specialized filter paper for the determination of phenylalanine concentration. If the concentration of phenylalanine is above the cutoff value, further determination of phenylalanine concentration is conducted. The normal concentration is less than 120 umol/L. If the concentration of phenylalanine is greater than 1200 umol/L, it suggests severe phenylketonuria. Moderate levels are above 360 umol/L, and mild levels are above 120 umol/L but less than 360 umol/L. Furthermore, diagnosis can be confirmed through DNA analysis, currently available tests include screening for mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene.
What should I do if the baby is lactose intolerant?
If the baby is lactose intolerant and does not have frequent bowel movements and it does not affect their growth and development, then no special treatment is needed. If there is frequent diarrhea and slow weight gain, then an adjustment in diet is necessary. If there is significant acute diarrhea accompanied by dehydration, we should initially rehydrate the infant either intravenously or orally to correct the dehydration. At the same time, you can start with some lactose-free formula and, after the diarrhea stops, gradually increase the amount of breast milk or other formulas based on the child's condition. Regardless of whatever food substitute is used, the overall principle is to not decrease the nutritional needs of the child. As solid foods are introduced and breast milk or cow's milk is decreased, diarrhea will gradually cease. If diarrhea does not subside, oral lactase enzyme preparations can also be provided to supplement lactase enzyme therapy.
How to treat children's colds, coughs, and phlegm
When children catch a cold and cough with phlegm, the first consideration should be whether there is bronchitis. If the cough is severe, expectorant and cough suppressing medications can be administered orally, such as traditional Chinese medicine or Western medicine, for example, ambroxol. Additionally, bronchitis might be accompanied by a bacterial infection, in which case anti-inflammatory drugs like cephalosporins or penicillin can be prescribed. Nebulizer treatment can also be used, which helps in thinning the mucus and suppressing cough. Furthermore, it might be necessary to conduct a routine blood test to assess the child's condition.
Is hand, foot and mouth disease itchy?
Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses. There are more than 20 types of enteroviruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease, among which Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 are the most common. Its main clinical symptoms include mouth pain, decreased appetite, mild fever, and the appearance of small vesicles or small ulcers on the hands, feet, mouth, and other areas. Most infected children can recover in about a week. The rash of hand, foot and mouth disease typically appears on the hands, feet, buttocks, arms, and legs as maculopapular rash, which can later turn into vesicles. These vesicles are surrounded by an inflammatory red halo and contain relatively little fluid. The rash is not itchy. Thus, the rash of hand, foot and mouth disease is unlike other allergic rashes; it does not cause itching or discomfort.