symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with liver metastasis

Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
Updated on November 21, 2024
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Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who experience liver metastasis present with multiple symptoms, the more common ones being abdominal pain and possible facial jaundice. Some patients may also experience poor appetite and weight loss. The specific symptoms vary from individual to individual. When such conditions occur, it is important to seek medical attention at an oncology department promptly and undergo a comprehensive body examination to determine the extent of the condition, which will facilitate targeted treatment. Current common treatment methods include interventional therapies and chemotherapy. However, overall, the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with liver metastasis is very challenging, and the treatment outcomes are generally not very favorable.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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Does nasopharyngeal carcinoma cause coughing?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a relatively common type of malignancy in the head and neck area, and a small number of patients may experience coughing, mainly because the secretions from the nasopharyngeal carcinoma can enter the throat through the posterior nasal aperture, causing an irritative cough. Overall, the occurrence of this symptom is relatively rare. More common symptoms include nasal congestion, bloody nasal discharge, with some patients experiencing headaches or enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and changes in vision. After diagnosis, it is recommended to visit the otolaryngology or oncology departments promptly to assess the severity of the condition. Most patients need to consider radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and regular follow-ups are necessary to monitor treatment outcomes.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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Is nasopharyngeal carcinoma contagious?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma currently has no definite transmissibility, and the exact cause of nasopharyngeal cancer is not particularly clear. Clinical studies have shown that there is a certain relationship between nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EB virus infection, but it may also be related to other factors, such as familial heredity or living environment. Exposure to radioactive or chemical substances may also have a certain impact. Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that there is genetic or absolute contagion. Overall, in terms of treatment, radiotherapy is mainly used, and some patients need to be combined with chemotherapy. Generally, the five-year survival rate is relatively high among early-stage patients. If the disease staging is later and the differentiation is poor, the treatment difficulty and treatment effect are relatively worse.

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Written by Deng Bang Yu
Otolaryngology
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma clinical manifestations

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor in the nasopharyngeal area, and clinically, it is primarily squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is particularly high in the southern regions of China, especially in Guangdong. Initially, nasopharyngeal carcinoma manifests locally as a tumorous mass in the nasopharyngeal area, often with ulceration on the surface. This can lead to the presence of blood in nasal mucus, known as bloody nasal discharge. As the disease progresses, there can be swelling of the cervical lymph nodes, primarily involving the upper deep cervical lymph nodes, with about 60% of patients experiencing this type of lymph node enlargement. As the tumor enlarges, it may block the nasal passage, leading to persistent nasal congestion. The tumor's pressure on the Eustachian tube can cause symptoms of secretory otitis media. Furthermore, damage to the skull base by the tumor can lead to severe headaches. As a malignant tumor, the cancer can cause systemic symptoms such as malnutrition and cachexia. In advanced stages, metastatic symptoms may appear, such as bone and liver metastases, affecting these vital organs.

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Written by Yao Jun
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
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Causes of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly prevalent malignant tumor in China, especially common in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions, as well as other coastal areas including Hunan, Fujian, and Jiangxi. These regions are among the highest incidence areas for nasopharyngeal carcinoma worldwide. The incidence rate in males is three times that of females, with the age group of 40 to 50 years being particularly at risk. The occurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with genetic, viral, and environmental factors, exhibiting racial and familial patterns. In areas like Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta, it is possible for five out of nine people in the same family to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus is also one of the causes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, in addition to environmental factors. Areas with low trace elements in rice and water, as well as low fluoride levels, are prone to higher incidences of this cancer. Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma typically have higher fluoride levels in their hair, and nitrites are also one of the major contributing factors to the condition.

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Written by Li Rui
Otolaryngology
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How should nasopharyngeal carcinoma be examined?

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a relatively common otolaryngological disease and is also considered as one of the common head and neck malignant tumors. For diagnosis, an initial examination that can be conducted is nasopharyngoscopy. Through nasopharyngeal endoscopy, most patients can see changes in the nasopharynx due to new growths, which suggests considering a pathological biopsy test. This helps in obtaining a pathological diagnosis and allows for analysis and typing of the pathology. At the same time, imaging exams are necessary, with nasopharyngeal CT or MRI being commonly used. Additionally, it is recommended to test for the Epstein-Barr virus, as some patients’ condition could be a result of a long-term infection with this virus.