How is cervical erosion surgery performed?

Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on April 01, 2025
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The commonly mentioned "cervical erosion" is actually not a disease at all; it is merely a physiological condition that does not require any surgery. Thus, there is no need to discuss whether or how any procedure should be performed. Cervical erosion is primarily due to high estrogen levels in young people, leading to the eversion of the columnar epithelium, which makes the cervical surface appear bright red and eroded. However, this is not a pathological erosion but a physiological phenomenon that will naturally regress over time. The area will eventually be covered by squamous epithelium, leading to a smooth cervical appearance, so there is no need for unnecessary surgery.

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Written by Tao Zhong E
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Cervical erosion is classified into several grades.

Cervical erosion is generally divided into three grades: Grade 1 cervical erosion refers to erosion covering less than one-third of the total cervical area, which is also called mild erosion. Grade 2 erosion, also known as moderate-to-severe erosion, refers to the erosion covering about two-thirds of the total area, which is considered moderate, being the middle grade of erosion. Grade 3 cervical erosion is the last and most severe grade, also known as severe erosion. In this case, the erosive area exceeds two-thirds of the entire cervical area, and may even involve the entire cervix. This condition is generally more serious and typically requires examination including a TCT (ThinPrep Cytologic Test) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) co-screening to investigate the possibility of cervical lesions. Further assessments might include a colposcopy or localized treatment, as severe erosion could lead to symptoms like contact bleeding and increased discharge that need to be addressed.

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Written by Zhang Xiu Rong
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Can cervical erosion be treated with the nine-valent vaccine?

Whether to get the nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine is unrelated to cervical erosion. The nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine is generally suitable for individuals under the age of 25. Those who are not within this age range cannot receive the nine-valent vaccine. Patients with cervical erosion should first go to the hospital for cervical cancer screening, typically involving a TCT and HPV test. TCT, also known as ThinPrep cytologic test, and HPV, known as the human papillomavirus, are used to preliminarily screen for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Therefore, patients with cervical erosion can receive the nine-valent vaccine as long as the cervical cancer screening shows no issues and they are under the age of 25.

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Written by Hou Jie
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Symptoms of cervical erosion

Most patients with cervical erosion do not exhibit symptoms. Those with symptoms largely display an increased amount of vaginal discharge, which is mucopurulent. Vaginal secretion can stimulate itching and burning sensation in the vulva. Additionally, symptoms may include bleeding outside of menstruation periods and post-coital bleeding. If combined with a urinary tract infection, symptoms can include urgency to urinate, frequent urination, and painful urination. Gynecological examination may reveal congestion and edema of the cervix, mucosal eversion, and mucopurulent secretions attached or even flowing out of the cervical canal. The cervical canal mucosa is fragile and prone to bleeding. If infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, due to the involvement of paraurethral and vestibular glands, congestion and edema of the urethral and vaginal openings may be observed, along with a copious amount of purulent discharge.

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Written by Li Lin
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Cervical erosion

Cervical erosion occurs when the epithelium inside the cervical canal grows outward to the external orifice of the cervix and the cervical part of the vagina, replacing the original epithelium of the external orifice and vaginal portion. The outward-growing epithelium from the cervical canal appears bright red, which visually resembles erosion, hence it is called cervical erosion. As the migration of the endometrium from the cervical canal is a physiological phenomenon, with increasing age, the migrated endometrium gradually retracts back into the cervical canal. Therefore, upon detecting cervical erosion, it generally only requires cytological screening and does not need treatment.

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Written by Wang Jing Hua
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How is cervical erosion surgery performed?

The commonly mentioned "cervical erosion" is actually not a disease at all; it is merely a physiological condition that does not require any surgery. Thus, there is no need to discuss whether or how any procedure should be performed. Cervical erosion is primarily due to high estrogen levels in young people, leading to the eversion of the columnar epithelium, which makes the cervical surface appear bright red and eroded. However, this is not a pathological erosion but a physiological phenomenon that will naturally regress over time. The area will eventually be covered by squamous epithelium, leading to a smooth cervical appearance, so there is no need for unnecessary surgery.