Symptoms of cervical erosion

Written by Hou Jie
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Updated on January 11, 2025
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Most patients with cervical erosion do not exhibit symptoms. Those with symptoms largely display an increased amount of vaginal discharge, which is mucopurulent. Vaginal secretion can stimulate itching and burning sensation in the vulva. Additionally, symptoms may include bleeding outside of menstruation periods and post-coital bleeding. If combined with a urinary tract infection, symptoms can include urgency to urinate, frequent urination, and painful urination. Gynecological examination may reveal congestion and edema of the cervix, mucosal eversion, and mucopurulent secretions attached or even flowing out of the cervical canal. The cervical canal mucosa is fragile and prone to bleeding. If infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, due to the involvement of paraurethral and vestibular glands, congestion and edema of the urethral and vaginal openings may be observed, along with a copious amount of purulent discharge.

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Written by Li Lin
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Is cervicitis the same as cervical erosion?

Cervicitis is a common inflammation of the female lower genital tract. It is often caused by pathogenic infections of the cervix, leading to cervicitis lesions, most commonly presenting symptoms such as purulent vaginal discharge, vulvar itching, bleeding after intercourse, and visible cervical bleeding and edema during gynecological examinations. This condition requires antibiotic treatment. Cervical erosion, strictly speaking, is not a disease. Cervical erosion occurs when glandular epithelial cells from inside the cervical canal grow outward onto the external part of the cervix. Since glandular epithelial cells are thin, they appear bright red, resembling erosion, thus colloquially termed cervical erosion. These externalized glandular epithelial cells are susceptible to viral or bacterial invasion, causing cervical lesions, thus medicinal treatment is also often recommended.

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Written by Tao Zhong E
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Cervical erosion is classified into several grades.

Cervical erosion is generally divided into three grades: Grade 1 cervical erosion refers to erosion covering less than one-third of the total cervical area, which is also called mild erosion. Grade 2 erosion, also known as moderate-to-severe erosion, refers to the erosion covering about two-thirds of the total area, which is considered moderate, being the middle grade of erosion. Grade 3 cervical erosion is the last and most severe grade, also known as severe erosion. In this case, the erosive area exceeds two-thirds of the entire cervical area, and may even involve the entire cervix. This condition is generally more serious and typically requires examination including a TCT (ThinPrep Cytologic Test) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) co-screening to investigate the possibility of cervical lesions. Further assessments might include a colposcopy or localized treatment, as severe erosion could lead to symptoms like contact bleeding and increased discharge that need to be addressed.

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Written by Sun Shan Shan
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to check for cervical erosion?

Firstly, women who are sexually active and have cervical erosion need to visit a hospital for further examinations such as colposcopy to check for erosion. Cervical erosion is a physiological manifestation, caused by the external migration of columnar epithelium from the cervical canal due to hormonal levels, presenting as an erosion-like appearance. Thus, this condition is also a physiological response. Once sexually active, women who have been sexually active for over two years need to regularly undergo cervical cytology testing using the human papillomavirus (HPV) and liquid-based cytology to see if there are other potential issues. If there are no problems, cervical erosion can be periodically monitored, and it's advised to avoid cold exposure, fatigue, spicy and irritating foods, and maintain cleanliness of the external genital area.

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Written by Sun Shan Shan
Obstetrics and Gynecology
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How to check for cervical erosion?

Whether there is cervical erosion needs to be assessed through a gynecological examination at the hospital, involving the use of a vaginal speculum, similar to checking for erosion in the right eye. Cervical erosion is physiological, especially during puberty under the effect of estrogen, leading to the enlargement of the cervix. The cervical canal mucosal tissue migrates outward, and the squamocolumnar junction moves outward, resulting in this condition. The surface of the cervix appears granular and pink, similar to what is observed as erosion in the right eye. As estrogen levels decline after menopause, the cervix shrinks and some of the erosions may disappear. It is recommended that women of childbearing age with cervical erosion undergo further cervical cancer screening.

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Does cervical erosion cause itching?

Simple cervical erosion does not cause itching symptoms. Since cervical erosion is not a disease, if itching occurs, there are other problems involved. For example, some people experience itching due to inflammation of the vulva and vagina, which requires routine checks for vaginal bacteriology, classification of inflammation, and selection of targeted medications for treatment; others might have itching due to allergies, such as allergies to underwear, sanitary pads, or even semen; and there are also cases involving issues like vulvar lichen sclerosus.