How to test for Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

Written by Han Shun Li

Pulmonology

Updated on September 28, 2024

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In clinical settings, if a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is suspected, several tests are required. Common tests include cold agglutinin test, Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and antigens, and various molecular biology techniques to detect the infection. Additionally, routine blood tests and lung imaging can be performed. If the results are positive, combined with clinical symptoms, it can generally be determined as a Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause

Mycoplasma pneumoniae can cause mycoplasma pneumonia, which refers to the acute inflammatory changes in the respiratory tract and lungs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. At the same time, there can be pharyngitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Mycoplasma pneumonia accounts for more than one-third of non-bacterial pneumonia, or 10% of pneumonia caused by various reasons. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is more prevalent in the autumn and winter seasons, but the seasonal differences are not significant. After being infected with mycoplasma pneumonia, the first symptom may be fatigue, sore throat, and headache, followed by paroxysmal coughing, fever, loss of appetite, and some people may experience diarrhea, muscle pain, ear pain, etc. Most cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia can be cured, but a small number of people may worsen, requiring medical treatment.

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What is Mycoplasma pneumoniae afraid of?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively special microorganism, situated between bacteria and viruses. It is smaller than bacteria but larger than viruses. This type of mycoplasma can grow within bacterial cells through a filter. In such cases, clinically, we generally use specific medications to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Typically, for respiratory infections caused by mycoplasma, we use macrolides or quinolones; for urinary tract infections, quinolones are usually the preferred treatment. Therefore, the medication choice should be based on the location of the infection. (Specific medications should be used under the guidance of a physician.)

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How is Mycoplasma pneumonia treated?

The primary treatment method for Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the use of antimicrobial drugs targeting Mycoplasma pneumoniae. As Mycoplasma is quite unique, being neither bacteria nor virus but a small microorganism that lies between the two, many antibiotics are ineffective against it. Therefore, the choice of antimicrobial drugs is very important in treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Currently, the most commonly used are three major classes, the first being macrolides, such as erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, etc. However, the resistance rate of Mycoplasma to macrolide drugs is relatively high, reaching over forty percent in some regions. Another commonly used class is fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, but these drugs can only be used in adults over eighteen years of age. Another option is the tetracycline class, with commonly used drugs including doxycycline. Besides antimicrobial treatment, patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae often experience severe coughing and phlegm; at this time, we may selectively use some antitussive drugs. Specific drug treatments should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is asymptomatic.

If Mycoplasma pneumoniae is diagnosed in the body, although there are no discomforts or symptoms, appropriate treatment and intervention should still be taken. If the disease lasts for a long time, it may induce other pathological changes, which are harmful stimulations to health. Treating asymptomatic Mycoplasma pneumonia mainly involves using antimicrobial drugs to control the infection, and etiological treatment is sufficient. Patients with mild symptoms can take medication orally, such as choosing one from azithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, or erythromycin. If conservative treatment is not effective, intravenous medication may be administered. (Specific medication use should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor.)

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Pulmonology

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Is Mycoplasma pneumoniae stubborn?

After Mycoplasma pneumoniae infects the human body, it often causes acute bronchitis and pneumonia, with symptoms such as fever and cough. Then, is Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection stubborn, and is it easy to treat? Generally speaking, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is self-limiting, meaning it can resolve on its own even without medication. The natural course of the disease may last 3 to 4 weeks, and some patients may experience a longer duration. However, if treated with sensitive antibiotics, the duration of the disease may shorten to about 2 to 3 weeks. Therefore, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is not considered a particularly stubborn disease and is relatively easy to treat.