Leukemia is a broad category of diseases. Some leukemia patients can achieve clinical cure through oral chemotherapy or intravenous chemotherapy, while others can only achieve cure through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among them, chronic granulocytic leukemia can be clinically cured through oral chemotherapy due to the availability of targeted drug treatments, resulting in a longer survival period. In the case of acute promyelocytic leukemia, the advent of drugs like retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide has enabled patients to achieve clinical cure through a combination of oral and intravenous chemotherapy. However, many other types of leukemia often require allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to reach clinical cure.