How is acute leukemia chemotherapeutically treated?

Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

Updated on September 05, 2024

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Acute leukemia is first divided into two main categories: one is acute myeloid leukemia, and the other is acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The chemotherapy regimens for these two types are different. Among them, acute myeloid leukemia is further divided into eight types from M0 to M7, among which type M3 can be treated with oral targeted chemotherapy drugs, while other types of acute myeloid leukemia require chemotherapy for treatment. The other main category is acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which also requires chemotherapy for treatment.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

1min 3sec

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Symptoms of leukemia

The symptoms of leukemia can be categorized into four main types: infections, anemia, bleeding, and organ infiltration. Infections occur due to a decrease in neutrophils, leading to poor resistance of the body and can trigger infections in various parts, such as lung infections, gastrointestinal infections, urinary system infections, etc. Anemia is caused by the growth of leukemia cells, which leads to limited erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, resulting in symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, poor appetite, and decreased tolerance to activity. Bleeding is due to a significant reduction in platelets in leukemia patients, making spontaneous bleeding more likely, which can manifest as bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes, organ bleeding, etc. Tumor infiltration can lead to abnormalities in other organs.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

56sec

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Does leukemia cause fever?

Leukemia patients do experience fever, which can be categorized into two main types: infectious fever and tumor fever. Infectious fever occurs due to the compromised resistance and lowered immunity of leukemia patients, potentially leading to various types of infections such as pulmonary infections, skin and mucous membrane infections, digestive system infections, urinary system infections, etc. Tumor fever, on the other hand, occurs in the late stages of leukemia and is caused by the abnormal proliferation of leukemia cells, leading to tumor-related fever. Typically, the temperature in tumor fever does not exceed 38 degrees Celsius, with early-stage fevers responding well to treatment, but late-stage fevers showing poorer responsiveness.

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Written by Li Bao Hua

Dentistry

1min 4sec

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Is bleeding gums leukemia?

Gum bleeding is not necessarily leukemia; it could also be gingivitis, periodontitis, or other diseases of the hematopoietic system. Gum bleeding is a common clinical symptom of gingivitis, caused by irritants like dental plaque and tartar around the teeth, keeping the gum tissue in a congested state. If persistent, this can lead to gum bleeding. This condition can be improved by dental cleaning, followed by medicated rinses around the teeth. If the situation does not improve, it may be due to periapical abscess caused by periapical inflammation of the tooth, which can also result in gum bleeding. In this case, root canal treatment is required, and once the inflammation in the root canal is controlled, the gum bleeding may alleviate on its own. If neither of these treatments is effective, it could be due to an underlying hematopoietic system disease, which would require further examination.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

1min 3sec

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What are the symptoms of leukemia?

The symptoms of leukemia mainly fall into four categories: infections, anemia, bleeding, and tumor infiltration. Infections occur because the proliferation of leukemia cells leads to a reduction in the patient's own granulocytes, lowering their resistance and possibly leading to various secondary infections such as respiratory, urinary system, and skin mucous membrane infections. Anemia is due to the proliferation of leukemia cells, which restricts normal erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, leading to symptoms in patients such as dizziness, headaches, fatigue, and decreased stamina. Bleeding occurs due to a decrease in platelets, posing a risk of spontaneous bleeding, which can include bleeding of the skin mucous membranes, organs, and even cerebral hemorrhage. Tumor infiltration by leukemia cells may manifest as tumor masses on the skin surface.

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Written by He Li Fang

Hematology

1min 20sec

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Is leukemia treatment free?

Leukemia is a type of malignant tumor originating from hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells in the myeloid hematopoietic system. Leukemia cells differentiate and organize at the early stages of different myeloid developments, exhibiting the morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of myeloid development. The incidence of acute myeloid leukemia in the population is 2-4/100,000, with the median age of onset being sixty-four to seventy years, making it a disease of the elderly. The incidence increases with age, accounting for 70% of acute leukemias, and representing 55%-70% of infant, 17%-20% of childhood, and 80%-90% of adult acute leukemias. Regarding the medical insurance situation in China, some leukemia conditions are eligible for major illness assistance. All leukemia treatments can be reimbursed at a certain ratio under the national health insurance, although there is no free treatment for leukemia at present, unless one participates in relevant clinical trials, which could offer some compensation, and certain treatment drugs are provided free of charge.