chronic granulocytic leukemia platelets

Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 28, 2024
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Patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia have variations in blood platelets as seen in routine blood tests, which differ according to different stages of the disease. In the chronic phase, especially early on, platelet counts are mostly elevated or normal, with increases potentially exceeding 1000x10^9 per liter. The shape of the platelets is normal, but their function is often abnormal, with thrombus formation being rare. A minority of patients may experience a decrease in platelet count. As the disease progresses, routine blood tests can reveal significant decreases or increases in platelet counts along with the appearance of megakaryocytes. Additionally, some patients may also exhibit bone marrow fibrosis, characterized by an increase in reticular fibers or collagen fibers.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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Chronic granulocytic leukemia symptoms

The clinical symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia can be divided into two phases: 1. During the chronic phase, the earliest subjective symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and abdominal discomfort. Other symptoms may also appear such as general malaise, decreased endurance, and nausea. Some patients may exhibit signs of increased basal metabolism, such as sweating, weight loss, palpitations, and nervousness. As the disease progresses, patients may experience enlargement of the liver and spleen. An enlarged spleen can cause abdominal bloating, discomfort in the upper left abdomen, and a feeling of fullness after eating. In a few cases, bleeding may occur in the early stages. In female patients, excessive menstruation is common, and while bone pain and joint pain are less common at initial diagnosis, they can also occur. 2. During the accelerated phase, patients often exhibit unexplained low-grade fever, fatigue, lack of appetite, night sweats, and increased weight loss. These symptoms are accompanied by rapid enlargement of the spleen causing discomfort and fullness, sudden swelling of lymph nodes, clear sternal tenderness, and osteolytic changes in bones leading to bone pain. Anemia also progressively worsens. Once patients enter the blast crisis phase, they may show extramedullary infiltration symptoms such as skin nodules, testicular infiltration, abnormal penile erections, and the appearance of green tumors in the eye sockets, among other serious complications.

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Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
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How is leukemia treated?

Leukemia treatment currently mainly consists of three aspects: supportive care, chemotherapy, and transplantation. Supportive care refers to actively preventing and treating infections, as well as transfusing red blood cells and platelets in leukemia patients, who often suffer from repeated infections, anemia, and bleeding. Chemotherapy can be divided into oral chemotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy, depending on the specific type of leukemia. Transplantation can be divided into autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Autologous transplantation costs less and has fewer side effects but has a higher relapse rate. Allogeneic transplantation is more costly, has more severe side effects, but a lower relapse rate. Whether to undergo autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation depends on the specific type of disease and the patient's individual circumstances.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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What is leukemia?

Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system that originates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. It involves leukemia cells that have proliferative and survival advantages, proliferating and accumulating uncontrollably in the body, gradually replacing normal hematopoiesis to form pathological hematopoiesis. Furthermore, it invades other organs and systems, leading to symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and infections, which eventually cause death. The incidence of leukemia is 4.8/100000-7.1/100000 in males and 3.2/100000-4.6/100000 in females, with significant variations in incidence, mortality rates, and distribution among different types of leukemia and various regions and ethnic groups. Early on, it was recognized that leukemia is not an inflammation, and the views that leukemia is caused by a lack of certain substances have been proven incorrect. Currently, it is understood that the causative factors of leukemia are related to infections, radiation, chemical agents, lifestyle, and genetics.

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Symptoms of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Most cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia are due to abnormal enlargement of the spleen, leading to abdominal distension and poor appetite. A small portion of chronic granulocytic leukemia cases show no obvious symptoms and are only discovered through routine physical examinations, finding an abnormal increase in white blood cells, leading to diagnosis and treatment in the hematology department. Common clinical symptoms of chronic granulocytic leukemia include an enlarged spleen. Additionally, some patients may also experience fatigue due to anemia, and a very few patients seek medical advice due to bleeding caused by a decrease in platelets.

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Written by Li Guo Bao
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The difference between chronic granulocytic leukemia and leukemia

Leukemia is divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further categorized into acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, while chronic leukemia is divided into chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. Chronic myeloid leukemia, also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia, generally has a better prognosis compared to acute leukemia, with a higher cure rate and longer survival. Among these, chronic granulocytic leukemia has targeted treatment drugs such as imatinib and dasatinib.