Is leukemia cancer?

Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 14, 2024
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Leukemia is a cancer of the blood system. Based on the maturity of the tumor cells, leukemia can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further divided into acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while chronic leukemia is divided into chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As the name suggests, acute leukemia has a rapid onset, a shorter survival period, and treatment is more challenging. Chronic leukemia, on the other hand, has a slower onset, a relatively longer survival period, and the treatment results are comparatively better.

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Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
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Is leukemia cancer?

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood system. Based on the maturity of the tumor cells, leukemia can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further divided into acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while chronic leukemia is divided into chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. As the name suggests, acute leukemia has a rapid onset, a shorter survival period, and treatment is more challenging. Chronic leukemia, on the other hand, has a slower onset, a relatively longer survival period, and the treatment results are comparatively better.

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Written by Zhang Xiao Le
Hematology
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What is acute leukemia?

Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Normally, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells differentiate into white blood cells, which gradually mature into normal white blood cells. However, leukemia cells are primitive cells and immature cells, which means that the hematopoietic stem cells lose the ability to differentiate and mature. Additionally, they proliferate massively in the bone marrow while suppressing normal hematopoietic functions, and can widely infiltrate various organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Due to the suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis, patients may exhibit clinical manifestations such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Patients with acute leukemia often seek medical attention because of fever, fatigue, or bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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chronic granulocytic leukemia platelets

Patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia have variations in blood platelets as seen in routine blood tests, which differ according to different stages of the disease. In the chronic phase, especially early on, platelet counts are mostly elevated or normal, with increases potentially exceeding 1000x10^9 per liter. The shape of the platelets is normal, but their function is often abnormal, with thrombus formation being rare. A minority of patients may experience a decrease in platelet count. As the disease progresses, routine blood tests can reveal significant decreases or increases in platelet counts along with the appearance of megakaryocytes. Additionally, some patients may also exhibit bone marrow fibrosis, characterized by an increase in reticular fibers or collagen fibers.

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Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
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Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

The common symptoms of acute leukemia include four main categories: infection, anemia, bleeding, and tumor infiltration. Symptoms of infection manifest as fever, cough, expectoration, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, skin infections, and perianal infections. Anemia is characterized by dizziness, fatigue, poor appetite, and decreased endurance. Symptoms of reduced platelets mainly involve bleeding, which can manifest as bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes, organ bleeding, and even cerebral hemorrhage. Tumor infiltration can manifest as gingival hyperplasia and skin rashes among other swellings.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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What is leukemia?

Leukemia is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system that originates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. It involves leukemia cells that have proliferative and survival advantages, proliferating and accumulating uncontrollably in the body, gradually replacing normal hematopoiesis to form pathological hematopoiesis. Furthermore, it invades other organs and systems, leading to symptoms such as anemia, bleeding, and infections, which eventually cause death. The incidence of leukemia is 4.8/100000-7.1/100000 in males and 3.2/100000-4.6/100000 in females, with significant variations in incidence, mortality rates, and distribution among different types of leukemia and various regions and ethnic groups. Early on, it was recognized that leukemia is not an inflammation, and the views that leukemia is caused by a lack of certain substances have been proven incorrect. Currently, it is understood that the causative factors of leukemia are related to infections, radiation, chemical agents, lifestyle, and genetics.