Typical symptoms of prostate cancer

Written by Liu Liang
Oncology
Updated on September 12, 2024
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Early-stage prostate patients often do not exhibit significant clinical symptoms. However, when the prostate cancer tumor invades the surrounding tissues and structures, it can cause corresponding clinical manifestations such as urinary tract irritation and urinary obstruction. Symptoms include difficulty urinating or frequent urination, painful urination, and even urinary incontinence, perineal pain, and sciatica. Bone metastasis is a common site of metastasis in prostate cancer patients, causing pain in the affected area and even pathological fractures.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua
Oncology
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Where can prostate cancer metastasize to?

When prostate cancer invades surrounding tissues and structures, it can cause a variety of clinical symptoms, including urinary irritation, urinary obstruction, urinary incontinence, sciatica, erectile dysfunction, etc., and can compress causing unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis. In severe cases, when the tumor invades the rectum, it can cause difficulty in defecation or colon obstruction. When the cancer metastasizes to the bones, it can cause bone pain and pathological fractures, and may also spread to the lungs.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua
Oncology
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What are the symptoms of bone metastasis from prostate cancer?

Bone metastasis is the most common site of metastasis for prostate cancer, with the lumbar vertebrae being the most common site. Eighty percent of bone metastases in prostate cancer are osteoblastic changes. The main symptoms caused by bone metastasis are bone pain, pathological fractures, anemia, and if the spinal cord is compressed, it can cause paralysis of the lower limbs, weakness, incontinence, and other symptoms.

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Written by Liu Liang
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What causes prostate cancer?

The causes of prostate cancer are not yet very clear. Its occurrence may be related to gonorrhea of the prostate, or viral and chlamydial infections of the prostate, as well as the intensity of sexual activity and the influence of hormones, which may have some connection to the development of prostate cancer. Additionally, a high-fat diet and some occupational factors, such as excessive exposure to chromium, may also be related to the onset of prostate cancer.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua
Oncology
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How is prostate cancer detected?

Digital rectal examination combined with PSA testing is currently recognized as the best screening method for the early detection of prostate cancer. Currently, systematic prostate needle biopsy is the most reliable method for diagnosing prostate cancer. In addition, prostate cancer MRI plays an important role in clinical staging. There is also a whole-body nuclear bone marrow scan that can detect the most common metastatic sites of prostate cancer, including bone metastases.

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Written by Zhou Zi Hua
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The difference between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

Prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are sometimes very difficult to distinguish clinically, as both diseases occur in elderly men, can cause lower urinary tract symptoms, and lead to elevated PSA levels. However, prostatic hyperplasia generally has a longer medical history, whereas prostate cancer has a shorter history and progresses more quickly. During a digital rectal exam for prostatic hyperplasia, the gland appears enlarged and the surface is smooth. In contrast, during a prostate exam, the gland may show irregular enlargement, a rough surface, and the tumor feels firm. When these two are difficult to distinguish, considering a prostate biopsy may be advisable.