Is neonatal pneumonia serious?

Written by Gao Shan Na
Neonatology
Updated on August 31, 2024
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Neonatal pneumonia can be mild or severe. Severe pneumonia is mainly characterized by cough, shortness of breath, significant tracheal tug signs, and some babies may have cyanosis around the lips, which indicates hypoxia. This type of pneumonia is serious and requires timely medical attention at a hospital. Common manifestations of mild pneumonia include slight shortness of breath, occasional white foam from the mouth, or some babies having phlegm sound in the throat. Chest X-rays show imaging changes in mild cases. Even with mild pneumonia, it is important to seek timely medical care and intervention to shorten the recovery time. Severe pneumonia, however, requires a longer recovery time.

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Written by Hu Qi Feng
Pediatrics
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How to treat neonatal pneumonia?

Neonatal Pneumonia Treatment: 1. Manage the respiratory tract by nebulization inhalation, postural drainage, regular turning and back patting to keep the airway clear and clean the oral and nasal secretions. 2. For those with hypoxemia, provide oxygen therapy, which may include nasal cannula oxygen delivery, masks, or head masks. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary if required. 3. Choose appropriate antibiotics; for bacterial infections, select sensitive antibiotics based on the type of bacteria, while antiviral drugs can be used to support treatment of viral infections. 4. Correct circulatory disturbances and electrolyte balance, control infusion rate to prevent heart failure and pulmonary edema, and ensure the supply of energy and nutrients. Immunoglobulin can be used as appropriate to boost immunity.

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Written by Zhang Xian Hua
Pediatrics
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What tests are done at the hospital for neonatal pneumonia?

Newborns have immature tracheal functions and low immune function; once neonatal pneumonia occurs, hospitalization is definitely required. The usual tests needed include the following aspects: First, imaging tests, typically including chest X-rays or a CT scan of the lungs, are necessary to understand the extent, severity, and specific details of the lung lesions. Second, tests related to infection are needed. This generally includes complete blood counts, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, etc. In cases with significant throat phlegm, sputum culture and blood culture are also needed to identify the pathogen. Third, an assessment of the child’s tracheal function and internal environmental status is required. This typically involves blood tests for liver function, kidney function, cardiac enzymes, electrolytes, etc., to enable a comprehensive assessment and accurate treatment.

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Written by Gao Shan Na
Neonatology
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Is neonatal pneumonia vomiting severe?

Some common symptoms of neonatal pneumonia include: frothy sputum, shortness of breath, cough, fever, and the three-concave sign. If the bacterial pathogen of this lung infection also affects the gastrointestinal tract, there may also be symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea. When severe pneumonia causes cyanosis and lack of oxygen in the child, accompanied by frequent vomiting and diarrhea, leading to dehydration, this type of pneumonia is quite severe and it is essential to seek timely medical treatment at a hospital.

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Written by Zhang Xian Hua
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Obvious symptoms of neonatal pneumonia

The clinical manifestations of neonatal pneumonia vary greatly and can usually be divided into three scenarios. The first scenario involves congenital pneumonia, which generally occurs within 24 hours after birth due to intrauterine infection. There is often a history of asphyxia, and after birth, the symptoms can include significant shortness of breath, moaning, cyanosis, and even respiratory distress. The baby may also exhibit unstable body temperature and poor responsiveness. The second scenario is pneumonia acquired during the delivery process. Typically, the clinical symptoms appear later, arising several days or weeks post-birth. It is usually characterized by reduced appetite, coughing, and varying degrees of fever. The third scenario is pneumonia acquired after birth, where onset is relatively sudden. Symptoms may include fever or hypothermia, frothy spit, phlegm, and in some cases, coughing. Generally, the responsiveness is relatively poor in these cases. Due to the large variety of clinical symptoms resulting from different types of infections at different stages, it is crucial to carefully distinguish between them and seek timely medical examination and treatment at a hospital.

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Written by Li Hu Chen
Imaging Center
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Is it good for a newborn to have a chest X-ray for pneumonia?

If a newborn exhibits symptoms such as fever or difficulty breathing, and pneumonia is suspected, it is essential to take a chest X-ray. Although the child is very young and just born, and despite the presence of certain radiation from the chest X-ray, the pros and cons must be weighed. For the sake of an accurate diagnosis and timely medication treatment, a chest X-ray is necessary. Unlike adult pneumonia, neonatal pneumonia progresses very rapidly. If the medication is not administered promptly and the diagnosis is uncertain, the condition can easily be delayed and progress too quickly. Thus, at this time, concerns about radiation should be set aside, and a chest X-ray is definitely needed. If the chest X-ray does not confirm the diagnosis, even conducting a CT scan might be necessary. It is crucial to clarify the diagnosis quickly and start treatment promptly. Because neonatal pneumonia is truly different from adult pneumonia, it progresses very rapidly and can potentially lead to severe complications like sepsis and shock, which are very dangerous. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a professional doctor.)