Is it necessary to get a tetanus shot?

Written by Tang Da Wei
General Surgery
Updated on November 13, 2024
00:00
00:00

Getting a tetanus shot is very necessary if a patient has had an injury or has wounds on the body. Without a tetanus shot, there might be a risk of tetanus infection. The main reason is due to the presence of tetanus bacillus spores in the natural environment, which could colonize within the wound if it's exposed. This can potentially lead to a tetanus infection. Severe cases can present with symptoms such as opisthotonos, breathing difficulties, suffocation, and could even lead to death. The tetanus shot involves injecting tetanus antitoxin into the patient's body, which is a form of passive immunity and can prevent some symptoms of tetanus infection.

Other Voices

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Sun Ming
General Surgery
36sec home-news-image

Why is tetanus given three times?

Tetanus is often derived from horse serum, which is a heterologous protein that many people might be allergic to. This is why a sensitivity test is done before administering tetanus shots; a positive allergy test indicates the presence of this antigen in your body, which can lead to an allergic reaction. To prevent such allergic reactions, desensitization is performed through intramuscular injections, which means administering the tetanus vaccine in three separate doses. This approach helps avoid allergies or even severe anaphylactic shock that might occur from the tetanus shot.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
48sec home-news-image

How long does a tetanus shot last?

Regarding how long a tetanus shot lasts, it depends on which type has been administered. Generally, there are two types of tetanus injections: tetanus immunoglobulin and tetanus antitoxin. Typically, doctors perform a skin test before administering the tetanus antitoxin; if the patient has a positive skin test and cannot tolerate desensitization treatment, tetanus immunoglobulin can be administered instead. These two medications have different metabolic times and their preventive effects vary. The metabolic time for tetanus antitoxin is generally one week, whereas for tetanus immunoglobulin, it can last about 28 days. Therefore, how long a tetanus shot lasts depends on the specific circumstances of the patient’s injection.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Zhang Peng
General Surgery
1min 9sec home-news-image

How long does tetanus antibody last?

The duration of tetanus antibodies varies under two scenarios. The first is passive immunity, which is achieved through injections such as tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immunoglobulin. The duration of immunity provided by these injections is relatively short. Typically, tetanus antitoxin lasts about four days, while tetanus immunoglobulin can last up to three weeks. After this period, the levels of antibodies gradually decrease, and the body may no longer be protected. Therefore, a single application of tetanus antitoxin or immunoglobulin does not provide long-lasting immunity. The second scenario involves antibodies produced by active immunity, generally through the injection of a vaccine made from attenuated tetanus bacilli. Antibodies usually start to develop about ten days after vaccination, with levels gradually increasing over two to three months and remaining high. This type of immunity lasts up to about ten years, but it is not lifelong. Regular boosters, guided by relevant tests, are required to maintain immunity.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Xu Jun Hui
General Surgery
47sec home-news-image

When does tetanus occur?

Tetanus is an infection caused by the invasion of the body by Clostridium tetani. Clostridium tetani is an anaerobic bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen, which is likely to cause tetanus in conditions such as anaerobic environments, deep wounds, or heavily contaminated wounds. Therefore, in cases where wounds are relatively small yet deep, and are considered to be in an anaerobic environment, or are contaminated with rust or soil, or in situations such as open fractures, blast injuries, gunshot wounds, and animal bites, tetanus injection treatment is necessary. It is generally recommended to administer the injection within 24 hours, and a skin test should be conducted before the injection, with alcohol consumption prohibited.

doctor image
home-news-image
Written by Xu Jun Hui
General Surgery
47sec home-news-image

Is the tetanus shot safe?

It is safe to receive tetanus treatment at an accredited hospital. There are two types of tetanus injections: the tetanus toxoid, which requires a skin test, and the tetanus immunoglobulin, which does not require a skin test. Alcohol consumption must be avoided before using the tetanus toxoid. If the skin test is negative, the injection is safe. The other type, tetanus immunoglobulin, can be used directly without a skin test. Tetanus injections from reputable manufacturers and hospitals are safe. However, some people may experience symptoms such as pain, nausea, and vomiting during the tetanus injection. Typically, these symptoms can be alleviated and disappear with symptomatic treatment after the injection.