If an anal fistula is not promptly treated with surgery, it may lead to an increase in the number of local branches or a thickening of the fistula wall. If the branches of the anal fistula extend to the ischiorectal fossa, it may also lead to pelvic infections. Moreover, if the anal fistula persists for a long time or if there is significant local inflammatory stimulation, it may even lead to cancerous changes in the fistula. Therefore, once an anal fistula is discovered and diagnosed, it is recommended to promptly undergo surgical treatment with fistulotomy and seton placement. Post-surgery, it is crucial to ensure thorough disinfection of the local wound, debridement, and dressing changes, which are very important for the recovery of the wound. This helps prevent pseudohealing, ensuring that the anal fistula heals completely and preventing recurrent episodes.