High-risk factors for gestational diabetes include: women older than 35 years, those with a history of gestational diabetes, history of delivering large babies, obesity, patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, first-degree relatives with a family history of diabetes, early pregnancy checks showing fasting hyperglycemia or positive glucosuria, patients who have had multiple spontaneous miscarriages without obvious causes, fetal malformations, stillbirths, and patients with a history of delivering newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Women with the above high-risk factors should undergo early testing for fasting blood glucose and a 75-gram glucose tolerance test to diagnose gestational diabetes and initiate early intervention.