How is Alzheimer's disease treated?

Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

Updated on September 11, 2024

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Senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease is not particularly clear so far and may be related to genetic and environmental factors. Multiple factors act on neurons causing irreversible and progressive death of neuronal cells. Currently, the treatment of this disease mainly includes two aspects. The first aspect is general treatment, mainly including family care. Family members must pay attention to the care of the patient, prevent the patient from accidentally wandering off, prevent the patient from falling, and prevent some accidents that cause injuries. In addition, it is important for the patient to listen to music, interact with others, and exercise more, all of which can delay the progression of senile dementia. The second aspect is pharmacological treatment, mainly using drugs that inhibit the reduction of acetylcholine. These drugs can increase the content of acetylcholine and improve the cognitive functions of patients to a certain extent, but so far, these treatments cannot reverse senile dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

59sec

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early signs of dementia

Dementia in the elderly, mainly referring to Alzheimer's disease, is primarily characterized by a significant decline in the patient's memory and learning abilities. Of course, there are some prodromal symptoms before the onset of dementia. For example, patients might show no clinical signs of cognitive impairment or only display very slight memory decline. Patients might exhibit mild impairment in memory, a decrease in the ability to learn and retain new information, and mild impairments in other cognitive areas such as attention, executive function, language skills, and visuospatial abilities. However, these impairments are very slight and can go unnoticed by family members. Moreover, these mild impairments do not affect the patient's basic daily life abilities and do not reach the level of dementia. Patients can live independently and manage their routine daily tasks, which are mainly some of the early signs of dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 13sec

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Care measures for dementia in the elderly

Dementia in the elderly is the most common neurodegenerative disease in neurology, mainly referring to the irreversible death of neuronal cells caused by various reasons, which poses a significant clinical hazard and lacks effective treatment methods. Therefore, nursing measures become very important. The main nursing measures include, First, ensuring the patient's nutrition. In the later stages, elderly patients may have no regular diet and cannot take care of themselves. Therefore, ensuring sufficient energy intake and enough protein intake is very important. Malnutrition can easily lead to various complications, leading to the patient's death. Second, it's important to equip elderly people with commonly used contact numbers and addresses in their pockets to prevent them from getting lost and creating dangerous situations. Third, when elderly people are at home, it is crucial to keep the kitchen door closed to prevent them from turning on the gas and forgetting to turn it off. Fourth, patients with dementia are prone to lung infections after becoming bedridden. If bedridden, it is important to frequently turn them over and pat their back to prevent the onset of lung infections.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

51sec

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What to do about senile dementia?

For patients with dementia, if the diagnosis is confirmed, the recommended treatment is as follows: First, it is very important to pay attention to nursing care. Patients with dementia often get lost, which can lead to a series of dangers, so it is necessary to take good care of them to prevent getting lost. Secondly, for the improvement of cognitive functions, it is recommended to use some cholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the level of acetylcholine in the brain and improve the patient's cognitive functions to a certain extent. Third, symptomatic treatment should also be provided. Since patients with dementia often exhibit psychiatric symptoms, such as visual and auditory hallucinations, appropriate antipsychotic medications can be used for treatment. (Please use medication under the guidance of a professional physician.)

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

1min 29sec

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Symptoms of dementia in the elderly

Dementia in the elderly is medically known as Alzheimer's disease, which is categorized into mild, moderate, and severe stages. The clinical manifestations vary with the severity of the disease. Mild dementia primarily presents as memory impairment, starting with a decline in short-term memory, where patients often forget daily activities. For instance, they might forget the way home when they go out, forget to add salt when cooking, or forget to turn off the stove. Patients may also exhibit personality disorders, such as neglecting personal hygiene or not wanting to bathe. As the disease progresses to moderate dementia, besides worsening memory impairment, the patient's ability to work, learn new knowledge, and communicate with others significantly diminishes. There is a notable decline in previously acquired knowledge and skills, such as judgment and calculation abilities. They may also experience aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and some patients may exhibit significant behavioral and psychological abnormalities. With further progression to severe dementia, patients may become emotionally detached, exhibit unpredictable crying or laughing, fail to recognize family members, lose verbal abilities, and even become unable to perform simple tasks such as dressing or eating. They may spend their days in bed, not speaking, and gradually lose contact with the outside world, ultimately leading to death.

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Written by Zhang Hui

Neurology

51sec

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Is senile dementia hereditary?

The disease referred to as dementia mainly refers to Alzheimer's disease. Only a very small number of cases are hereditary, where patients have a certain family history caused by genetic mutations, thus having some hereditary traits. However, the vast majority of Alzheimer's cases are sporadic, unrelated to genetic mutations, and these sporadic cases are not hereditary, so there is no need to worry about transmitting it to offspring. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, with the progression of population aging, the incidence of this disease remains relatively high, especially for those over the age of 65, who need to pay close attention to this disease. If a patient exhibits a decline in memory function, do not assume it is just forgetfulness; it is crucial to visit a hospital for diagnosis and timely treatment.