What is dementia called?

Written by Tang Bo
Neurology
Updated on September 06, 2024
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The commonly mentioned senile dementia, also known as Alzheimer's disease, is the most common type of dementia. Its incidence generally increases in people over the age of 65 and continues to increase with age. It is a degenerative disease, with risk factors including age and gender, usually higher in women than in men. It is also related to educational level, whether there has been trauma, genetics, thyroid function, exposure to toxic substances, as well as vascular factors. Diabetes and depression are also risk factors for senile dementia.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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incidence of senile dementia

Dementia in the elderly has a very noticeable high incidence trend worldwide and in China, with many people over the age of 65 suffering from this disease. Statistics show that in Western countries, the incidence of dementia in the elderly might be around 3%-8%. In China, the incidence among the elderly over 65 may also be around 5%. Therefore, the number of elderly people suffering from this disease is very large, and thus it is essential to pay attention to this disease. This disease is mainly caused by the death of nerve cells due to many reasons. Currently, there is no effective cure for this disease, but there are some drugs that can alleviate the symptoms. These drugs mainly include cholinesterase inhibitors, which can increase the content of acetylcholine in the brain, improving the level of cognitive function in patients. Additionally, symptomatic treatment should be noted to prevent lung infections, malnutrition, and other complications in the elderly.

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Written by Zhang Hui
Neurology
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Late-stage symptoms of dementia

In the later stages of dementia, symptoms become very severe. Patients experience significant impairment in memory function, forgetting not only recent events but also events from the past. Additionally, patients show obvious impairments in visuospatial abilities, having trouble locating the bathroom in their own home, and often getting lost when they go out. There is also a noticeable change in behavior, with patients exhibiting aggression, cursing, and inappropriate actions like urinating or defecating in random places. Some patients may experience recurrent visual and auditory hallucinations. As the disease progresses, elderly patients may eventually become bedridden for life, not interacting with anyone, remaining silent, and refusing to eat. They ultimately may die from complications such as lung infections, urinary tract infections, malnutrition, and bedsores. Therefore, the symptoms of dementia in its later stages are quite severe, with cognitive impairments, abnormal mental and behavioral symptoms, and various infections all posing serious threats to the health of the elderly.

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Written by Zhang Hui
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Is senile dementia hereditary?

The disease referred to as dementia mainly refers to Alzheimer's disease. Only a very small number of cases are hereditary, where patients have a certain family history caused by genetic mutations, thus having some hereditary traits. However, the vast majority of Alzheimer's cases are sporadic, unrelated to genetic mutations, and these sporadic cases are not hereditary, so there is no need to worry about transmitting it to offspring. Nevertheless, it is important to note that, with the progression of population aging, the incidence of this disease remains relatively high, especially for those over the age of 65, who need to pay close attention to this disease. If a patient exhibits a decline in memory function, do not assume it is just forgetfulness; it is crucial to visit a hospital for diagnosis and timely treatment.

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Neurology
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Is senile dementia hereditary?

Dementia primarily refers to Alzheimer's disease, which mainly has two types: The first type is sporadic Alzheimer's disease, which does not have a clear familial history. It is caused by the degeneration and death of neurons due to various reasons, leading to certain clinical symptoms. This type of sporadic dementia does not have a genetic predisposition. The other type of dementia has a clear family history, where patients typically exhibit mutations in the APP gene, leading to increased secretion, which in turn causes the death of neurons and results in the symptoms of dementia. This familial type of dementia has a genetic predisposition. Dementia is a common condition in neurology and is the most common neurodegenerative disease. Currently, there are no effective treatments available. Family members must pay attention to caregiving, and patients can take cholinesterase inhibitors, which can improve symptoms to a certain extent.

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Written by Tang Li Li
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Methods for Examining Dementia in the Elderly

The examination of dementia mainly includes the following aspects. First, it is to determine whether the patient has cognitive impairment, because in the early stages of dementia this impairment is often mild, primarily in recent memory, with other aspects not yet obvious. Early screening can use some cognitive evaluation scales, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, chosen according to the patient's cultural level. Second, imaging examination, commonly using brain MRI, can reveal significant signs of dementia such as deepened brain sulci, narrowed gyri, and widened lateral fissures, indicating brain atrophy. Third, genetic testing for the APOE gene, which may be related to dementia. Possession of this gene may increase the likelihood of developing dementia in the future, serving as an auxiliary diagnostic measure.