How to treat leukopenia?

Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on September 02, 2024
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The treatment plan for leukopenia primarily depends on the cause of the decreased white blood cells. If the cause is related to blood cancer, further examinations like bone marrow biopsy are needed, followed by treatment of the primary disease. The second most common scenario is liver cirrhosis, which can lead to a decrease in all three blood cell lines, causing reduction in white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin. In such cases, treatment options may include splenectomy or the use of oral medications that increase white blood cell count. However, these treatments only address the symptoms and not the root cause, which is liver cirrhosis, thus the primary disease still requires treatment. The third scenario involves severe bacterial and viral infections, where a decrease in white blood cells indicates a serious condition, necessitating further antiviral or anti-infection treatments. (Please follow the guidance of a professional physician for medication use, and do not self-medicate.)

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Written by Li Lang Bo
Endocrinology
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Is leukopenia severe?

The normal value of white blood cells in the human body is 4 to 10×10^9/L. White blood cells mainly consist of neutrophils and lymphocytes, along with some other types of eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes. If the total white blood cell count decreases, generally falling below 4 to 10×10^9/L, it is referred to as leukopenia. Among these, neutrophils are the most related to the body's immune response. If neutrophils decrease to less than 1.5×10^9/L, it is defined as neutropenia, which is very serious. If neutropenia occurs, the resistance to infections is greatly lowered, making the body highly susceptible to various infections. Active treatment to increase white blood cells is necessary; otherwise, any infection may lead to severe conditions like septicemia and septic shock, which can even be life-threatening.

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Written by Tang Zhuo
Endocrinology
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What causes leukopenia?

When the white blood cell count in the surrounding blood continuously remains below 4.0*10^9/L, we call this condition leukopenia. Typical symptoms of leukopenia include dizziness, fatigue, limb soreness, reduced appetite, and listlessness, although some patients may not exhibit any obvious clinical symptoms. The causes of leukopenia are very complex and can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary. Primary leukopenia refers to cases where the cause is unknown, while secondary leukopenia refers to cases potentially caused by acute infections or physical and chemical factors, or diseases of the hematopoietic system, connective tissue diseases, allergic diseases, or genetic diseases, all of which may lead to a reduction in white blood cells.

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Written by Yang Li
Endocrinology
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Can leukopenia cause fever?

Leukopenia can lead to fever. White blood cells are the guardians of the human body, protecting it against external invasions such as infections. When white blood cells are decreased, the patient's resistance to infections can be significantly reduced, making them particularly susceptible to infections. This can lead to fever, as often seen in hematological patients with leukopenia who frequently experience fevers due to their chronic infection states. Therefore, when leukopenia is accompanied by fever, it is advisable to seek hospital treatment as soon as possible, as proactive infection management is crucial.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
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What are the symptoms of leukopenia?

The most common cause of leukopenia is viral infections, along with some severe bacterial infections. Common symptoms of viral and bacterial infections include dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever, cough, expectoration, abdominal pain, diarrhea, urgent urination, and frequent urination. Generally, further examinations can be conducted through blood draws and routine tests of blood, urine, and stool cultures. If there is an accompanying hematological disease, such as thrombocytopenia, symptoms can include general weakness, body aches, and bone pain; further bone marrow examinations should be conducted.

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Written by Zhang Jun Jun
Endocrinology
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What does a decrease in white blood cells mean?

Leukopenia indicates a decrease in the body's resistance. The most common causes of leukopenia are: First, viral infections, which often coincide with an increase in lymphocytes and a decrease in neutrophils. The second cause is severe bacterial infections. During severe bacterial infections, there is a significant reduction in white blood cells, which may even lead to a decrease in platelets. The third cause is primarily diseases of the hematologic system, where leukopenia is often accompanied by a reduction in other red blood cells and platelets. Other possible causes include drug-induced leukopenia, as medications can also lead to a decrease in white blood cells. Therefore, the primary approach to leukopenia is to clearly identify the cause, and then determine the next steps for treatment based on that cause.