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Tetanus
Can you get a tetanus shot when you have a cold?
The patient is in a state of having a cold. During this time, if a part of the body is injured and the wound is deep, there is a possibility of infection by tetanus bacillus, which can cause corresponding clinical symptoms. This is because the deep wound facilitates the growth and reproduction of tetanus bacillus, producing exotoxins, mainly the spasm toxin, which can cause the patient to exhibit symptoms related to tetanus. Therefore, even if the patient has a cold, it is advised to seek timely medical treatment at a hospital for wound disinfection and to receive a tetanus antitoxin injection. Having a cold is not a contraindication for receiving a tetanus shot.
What are the chances of getting tetanus?
In clinical practice, the chances of tetanus are relatively low. Tetanus is mainly caused by infection with the tetanus bacillus. Since the tetanus bacillus is an anaerobic bacterium and is found almost everywhere in nature, patients with injuries, especially small and deep wounds, are prone to tetanus infection. Therefore, for wounds with injuries, especially deep ones, it is important to promptly administer a tetanus shot to prevent infection. At the same time, thorough debridement of the wound is necessary to completely eliminate the tetanus bacillus from the wound. If prevention or proper wound cleaning is not effectively carried out, there is a potential risk of tetanus infection.
Does a tetanus shot hurt?
Tetanus shots are certainly painful, but why do they hurt? Firstly, because a skin test is needed for tetanus, which primarily involves injecting the drug under the skin of the forearm to form a small bump about 0.5cm in diameter. It is known that there are abundant nerve endings under the skin, so the injection of the drug can cause local swelling and compress the surrounding nerves, and the drug can also cause an irritation response in the surrounding nerves, which is why tetanus shots are painful.
How deep does a wound have to be to cause tetanus?
There is no specific rule about how deep a wound needs to be to develop tetanus. Generally, any relatively contaminated wound that is sharp and deep should receive a prompt tetanus injection, as tetanus is a strictly anaerobic bacterium. Generally, if a wound is particularly prone to forming a locally hypoxic environment, active immunization should be pursued. Usually, the following types of wounds should be given high attention: deep puncture wounds, bullet or shrapnel injuries, open fractures, or crush injuries. Burns, frostbites that require surgical intervention, and wounds that have not been treated in a timely manner after more than six hours should also be taken seriously. Attention should be heightened if there are foreign objects in the wound or a significant amount of necrotic tissue, especially if contaminated by surrounding dust or animal feces.
How many years does the tetanus vaccine last?
Tetanus vaccines generally involve an active immunization process against tetanus with a complete immunization schedule, providing effective protection for up to ten years for those who have completed the full course of prevention. Typically, newborns must receive three doses of the DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) vaccine, with the first dose administered at three months of age, followed by a dose each subsequent month, and booster shots at eighteen months or six years of age. If vaccinated, no further tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immunoglobulin injections are required for injuries incurred within ten years of vaccination. If no active immunization has been done and the wound is heavily contaminated, it is crucial to promptly administer tetanus antitoxin or tetanus immunoglobulin. A skin test must be performed before using tetanus antitoxin; if the test is strongly positive, immunoglobulin should be administered for preventive treatment.
Can I get a tetanus shot in the evening?
If a patient has a relatively deep wound, such as reaching the subcutaneous fat layer or even more severely, the muscle layer, it is important to prevent tetanus infection. It is advised that the patient must come to the hospital for a tetanus antitoxin injection into the muscle. After an injury, the sooner the tetanus antitoxin is injected, the better, as delays can affect the effectiveness of the antitoxin. Therefore, tetanus antitoxin can also be administered at night. Generally, one should go to the emergency surgery department of the hospital for the injection, as the emergency surgery department is on duty 24 hours a day, so it is possible to receive the tetanus shot at night.
How long is a tetanus shot effective?
Tetanus generally refers to a specific type of infection caused by the entry of tetanus bacillus into the body through broken skin or mucous membranes, where it produces a large amount of toxin. Typically, the incubation period for tetanus is 6 to 7 days, but it can be as short as within 24 hours or as long as several months or even years. Therefore, if there is a wound, the first thing to do is to clean the wound with hydrogen peroxide or saline. Then, it is best to go to the hospital to get a tetanus vaccine within 24 hours. If the tetanus vaccine is not administered within 24 hours, it can still be effective if given within a week.
Is tetanus administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously?
Tetanus is widely used clinically and is known as tetanus antitoxin, intended solely to prevent the clinical symptoms caused by infection with Clostridium tetani. Therefore, a skin test must be conducted before administering tetanus injections. The common skin test involves creating a skin wheal intradermally; if the skin test is negative, one can proceed with the tetanus antitoxin injection. The injection can be administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously. For example, the common sites include the deltoid attachment area on the upper arm for subcutaneous injections, and the deltoid or the lateral part of the buttock for intramuscular injections, among others. These are the injection sites for tetanus.
Will a lacerated wound lead to tetanus?
Tetanus is usually caused by an infection with Clostridium tetani. As Clostridium tetani are anaerobic bacteria, they proliferate extensively in an oxygen-free environment. If a wound is small and shallow, and completely open to air, it is generally not susceptible to tetanus infection. However, if the wound is deep and the external opening is small, creating an anaerobic condition inside, it is easy to contract tetanus. Therefore, it is generally recommended to administer a tetanus antitoxin following an injury, as an internal infection with tetanus can lead to very serious conditions, potentially resulting in death.
Which department should I go to at the hospital for a tetanus shot?
Tetanus shots should be administered at a regular hospital in the emergency department. There are two types of tetanus injections: one that requires a skin test, called tetanus toxoid, and one that doesn't require a skin test, called tetanus immunoglobulin. It is generally recommended to get the tetanus shot within 24 hours of injury, and it is best to avoid alcohol before the injection. Drinking can cause dilation and reddening of the skin's capillaries, which can affect the results of the tetanus skin test. Tetanus is usually caused by the invasion of Clostridium tetani into the body, a type of anaerobic bacterium. Thus, for wounds that are small, deep, and heavily contaminated, such as with dirt, rust, or in cases of open fractures, anti-tetanus treatment is essential, and a tetanus shot can be administered in the hospital's emergency department.