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Rectal cancer
Can a colonoscopy detect rectal cancer?
Colonoscopy can detect colon and rectal cancer. It is the most important and primary method for examining colonic mucosal lesions. The large intestine includes the cecum, colon, and rectum. Colonoscopy allows direct visual inspection of lesions, including the size and color of the lesions, and whether there are ulcers and erosion, the nature of any attachments, etc. It also allows for direct biopsy. Firstly, it can assess the texture of the lesion, such as whether it is soft, hard, or brittle. Moreover, the biopsied sample can be analyzed histologically to determine the benign or malignant nature, depth of infiltration, etc. Different pathological characteristics have different prognoses and treatment methods, suitable for early cancers treatable under endoscopy, or those that can be removed during the process of the colonoscopy.
Is the survival rate for rectal cancer high?
Rectal cancer is primarily a malignant tumor, and there are individual differences in treatment, even differing biological behaviors. Some people discover it early, while others find it later, sometimes even with multiple metastases. If it is diagnosed in a later stage, naturally, the patient's survival period is shorter. Surgical treatment of rectal cancer is one aspect, and subsequent measures to possibly extend the patient's survival include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, etc.
Is chemotherapy effective for late-stage rectal cancer?
Late-stage rectal cancer is primarily due to the metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells. At this stage, surgery alone cannot completely eliminate cancer cells, so chemotherapy is necessary. Chemotherapy has certain effects clinically, especially in patients who are sensitive to chemotherapy drugs, where the effects are more pronounced. This can control the spread of cancer cells in multiple locations and can, to some extent, improve patient survival rates. For patients, it is important to maintain good health, enhance their immune system, consume foods rich in high-quality proteins, and engage in appropriate exercise. Moreover, maintaining a positive mindset is beneficial for extending life. Additionally, patients can integrate traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture as complementary therapies, which can also potentially improve postoperative survival rates.
Is rectal cancer without metastasis curable?
Can rectal cancer without metastases be treated successfully? If rectal cancer has not metastasized, its prognosis and outcome are relatively much better compared to cases where there are metastases and recurrences. If surgery is performed for rectal cancer and there is no recurrence or metastasis afterwards, then the five-year survival rate is naturally higher. However, if rectal cancer is initially treated surgically and cleaned thoroughly but then quickly recurs, with liver metastases, lung metastases, etc., then the five-year survival rate would be much lower. Therefore, if rectal cancer has not metastasized, the treatment and prognosis are much better. Thus, if there is no liver or lung metastasis in rectal cancer, the treatment is relatively easier.
Does rectal cancer require chemotherapy?
The question of whether chemotherapy is necessary for rectal cancer needs to be analyzed specifically, taking into account factors such as the patient's physical condition, pathological staging, and whether the surgery was completely successful. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer can be divided into adjuvant chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer, and it can also serve to enhance the effects of radiotherapy. For low rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can be administered if the tumor cannot be directly removed, followed by surgery after the treatment. If surgery is possible for rectal cancer, and there is lymph node metastasis or the pathological stage is relatively advanced, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can be performed. Therefore, the need for chemotherapy in cases of rectal cancer should ideally be assessed at a specialized oncology department in a hospital to provide a detailed analysis and evaluation by oncologists.
Is a faint pain below the center of the lower abdomen indicative of rectal cancer?
There is a vague pain just below the middle of the lower abdomen, and although there is a possibility of rectal cancer, it is not necessarily certain to be rectal cancer. There are many reasons for pain in this area; common causes to consider include intestinal infection or intestinal spasms and obstruction. Tumors can also cause pain in this area. In women, pain just below the middle of the lower abdomen also needs to exclude the possibility of pelvic inflammatory disease or gynecological inflammation, etc. It is necessary to complete examinations such as a color ultrasound and an upright abdominal plain film for confirmation. If the pain occurs repeatedly, further examinations including a complete blood count, inflammatory markers, and other relevant inflammation tests should also be completed for a clear diagnosis.
How to distinguish between anal fissure and rectal cancer causing rectal bleeding
In clinical practice, to differentiate between rectal bleeding caused by anal fissures and that caused by rectal cancer, we can consider the following aspects. Firstly, rectal bleeding caused by anal fissures is generally accompanied by pain in the anal area, and the bleeding is especially severe after defecation, with blood attached to the surface of the stool. In contrast, rectal bleeding caused by rectal cancer rarely accompanies pain in the anal area, and the blood is generally mixed with the stool. Secondly, rectal bleeding from anal fissures is usually due to hard stools, and improving the condition of hard stools, along with providing local anti-inflammatory treatment, usually relieves the symptoms of bleeding. However, in the case of rectal cancer, besides hard stools, patients may also experience an increase in the frequency of defecation and signs of diarrhea, and typical anti-inflammatory treatments are not notably effective.
How to rule out the possibility of rectal cancer
Common symptoms of rectal cancer include abdominal pain, changes in stool characteristics, and rectal bleeding. These symptoms could suggest the possibility of rectal cancer. An initial examination can be conducted via a digital rectal exam to preliminarily exclude rectal cancer. If a mass is felt during the digital rectal exam, a high suspicion of rectal cancer should be maintained. Additionally, a colonoscopy can be performed for a definitive diagnosis. If a mass on the rectal mucosa is observed during the colonoscopy, a biopsy can be conducted for histopathological examination to determine the nature of the mass. Generally, if the surface of the mass is uneven, brittle, and bleeds easily, the likelihood of malignancy is high while a smooth surface suggests a greater possibility of benignity.
Can you eat edamame after rectal cancer surgery?
Patients with rectal cancer can eat edamame after surgery. However, they should pay attention to the following dietary advice post-surgery: First, eat less or avoid animal fats, which means limiting the intake of saturated fatty acids. Second, even the consumption of vegetable oils should be limited. Third, do not eat fried foods. Fourth, during cooking, oils should not be overheated. Fifth, eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits.
Can colorectal cancer be inherited?
Can rectal cancer be inherited? Rectal cancer is a relatively common type of malignant tumor in the rectum. Genetic factors are among the causes of rectal cancer, but they are not absolute. The proportion of genetic factors in the occurrence of rectal cancer is relatively small. Most causes are related to inhalative lesions of the rectum, and also linked to the patient's lifestyle, bowel habits, etc., which can lead to the occurrence of rectal cancer. So, there is a genetic component, but the likelihood is low. Therefore, for patients with familial hereditary diseases or families where multiple people have rectal cancer, it is important to conduct timely re-examinations with colonoscopies or to perform some genetic screening.