Subscribe
Aplastic anemia
Does aplastic anemia cause fever?
Aplastic anemia itself does not cause fever in patients; however, individuals with aplastic anemia experience a decrease in all blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. A significant reduction in white blood cells, such as in a state of neutropenia, can lower a patient's resistance to infections, which makes it easy for secondary infections to occur and thus induce fever. Furthermore, in cases of severe anemia, severe aplastic anemia can also lead to the occurrence of low-grade fever in patients. On the other hand, a reduction in platelets generally does not cause fever. Therefore, when a patient with aplastic anemia has a fever, it is important to determine the cause of the fever.
Is aplastic anemia contagious?
Aplastic anemia is not contagious and has a minor hereditary factor, meaning that if a family member has aplastic anemia, it is generally not inherited by the next generation. The cause of aplastic anemia is still unclear, but possible reasons include: 1. Damage to hematopoietic stem cells. After the hematopoietic stem cells are damaged, it leads to limited stem cell proliferation and reduced hematopoiesis. 2. Damage to the hematopoietic microenvironment. Damage to the hematopoietic microenvironment can lead to changes that disrupt the regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells. 3. Immune factors. Immune factors can cause immune damage, directly damaging hematopoietic stem cells, thereby causing bone marrow regeneration disorders.
What medicine is used for aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia, whether acute or chronic, primarily uses immunosuppressive agents and hematopoietic stimulants for treatment. Cyclosporine is commonly used clinically among immunosuppressants, while the medicines stimulating bone marrow hematopoiesis mainly include androgens such as danazol and stanozolol. These medications all have associated adverse reactions: immunosuppressants can lead to hypertension, hyperglycemia, impaired liver and kidney function, and gum hypertrophy, while the main adverse reactions of hematopoietic androgens are liver damage. (Please use medications under the guidance of a doctor.)
Can aplastic anemia be cured?
Aplastic anemia is divided into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Acute aplastic anemia can be cured by intensive immunotherapy or syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, not all cases of acute aplastic anemia can be cured by these two treatments, with the cure rate being approximately 60%-70%. For chronic aplastic anemia, the main treatment currently is oral immunosuppressive therapy, which usually cannot cure the condition unless allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is performed. However, if patients with chronic aplastic anemia are on oral immunosuppressive therapy, they can maintain a relatively good condition and typically do not opt for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
How long can one live with aplastic anemia?
The lifespan of patients with aplastic anemia depends on the type and the effectiveness of the treatment. Aplastic anemia is classified into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. In cases of acute aplastic anemia, cure is possible through intensified immunotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; however, without aggressive treatment, the survival period is relatively short, generally not exceeding one year. Chronic aplastic anemia, on the other hand, has a longer medical history, and patients can often live for ten to twenty years or more. However, throughout this period, ongoing transfusions of red blood cells and platelets are required to support treatment.
The etiology of aplastic anemia
The etiology of aplastic anemia currently has no absolute cause, but the more supported theories concerning its etiology include the soil, pest, and seed theories. The soil theory refers to abnormalities in the microenvironment within the bone marrow, which causes an abnormal growth environment for hematopoietic stem cells, consequently limiting their growth. The seed theory indicates a decrease in the number and quality of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow, leading to bone marrow regeneration failure. The pest theory refers to immunological factors, which play a significant role in aplastic anemia, suggesting a disorder in the patient's immune function that leads to bone marrow regeneration failure.
The main cause of aplastic anemia is.
The causes of aplastic anemia are considered to be of three types: abnormalities in hematopoietic stem cells, abnormalities in the bone marrow microenvironment, and abnormalities in immune factors. Among these, abnormalities in immune factors play a dominant role. Therefore, most patients with aplastic anemia see some improvement after receiving immunosuppressive therapy clinically. However, there is a small subset of patients with aplastic anemia for whom immunosuppressive therapy is not effective, and the causes of the disease in these patients are not well understood and may be congenital, such as congenital dyskeratosis.
What causes aplastic anemia?
Aplastic anemia's exact causes are still not completely clear. Clinically, it is believed that immune dysfunction is a significant factor associated with aplastic anemia. Most cases of aplastic anemia can achieve good therapeutic outcomes through immunosuppressive treatment, which indirectly supports this view. However, some scholars believe that in aplastic anemia, there are patients for whom immunosuppressive treatment is ineffective. This suggests that other factors might exist, such as congenital anomalies in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, or abnormalities in the hematopoietic microenvironment, which may also play a role in the development of aplastic anemia.
What are the symptoms of aplastic anemia?
The symptoms of aplastic anemia include three main symptoms: firstly, infections; secondly, anemia; and thirdly, bleeding. Infections occur due to a decrease in white blood cells, especially neutrophils, resulting in poor resistance in patients making them susceptible to subsequent infections, including infections of the lungs, digestive system, urinary system, and skin and mucous membranes. Anemia occurs due to a reduction in red blood cells, causing symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, fatigue, reduced tolerance to physical activity, and poor appetite. A reduction in platelets significantly increases the risk of bleeding, especially when platelets are less than 20 times 10 to the ninth power per liter, which can lead to bleeding in the skin, mucous membranes, organs, and even cerebral hemorrhage.
Which is more severe, aplastic anemia or leukemia?
Aplastic anemia is not leukemia. Leukemia is characterized by more than 20% primary cells in the bone marrow being classified as leukemia. Aplastic anemia, on the other hand, is a bone marrow failure disease, characterized by a reduction in hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in all blood cells. Aplastic anemia can be divided into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Acute aplastic anemia has a rapid onset, severe condition, and high mortality rate, while chronic aplastic anemia has a slow onset, longer disease history, and lower mortality rate. Treatment for acute aplastic anemia requires intensified immunotherapy or syngeneic complete match transplantation, whereas treatment for chronic aplastic anemia mainly involves promotive hematopoietic therapy.