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Aplastic anemia
The differences between aplastic anemia and megaloblastic anemia.
Aplastic anemia is a type of bone marrow failure syndrome where patients can present with reduced total blood cells in the peripheral blood, without enlargement of the liver, spleen, or lymph nodes, and an increased ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Bone marrow indicates low regeneration, reduced hematopoietic tissue, and increased non-hematopoietic tissue, with the condition arising from changes in the bone marrow microenvironment leading to a reduction in blood cells. Megaloblastic anemia, also known as nutritional anemia, is primarily caused by a lack of folate and vitamin B12, leading to a red blood cell synthesis disorder and resulting in anemia. Severe megaloblastic anemia can also present with reduced total blood cells. However, the red blood cells typically exhibit macrocytic anemia. In contrast, aplastic anemia generally presents with normocytic anemia.
Are the liver and kidney functions normal in patients with aplastic anemia?
Patients with aplastic anemia generally have normal liver and kidney functions. However, in certain special circumstances, abnormalities in liver and kidney functions may occur, including: Firstly, the routine treatment for aplastic anemia mainly includes the immunosuppressant cyclosporine and the hematopoietic stimulant androgens. The primary side effect of cyclosporine is renal toxicity. Therefore, during the use of cyclosporine, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of cyclosporine; excessive levels can lead to renal dysfunction. Androgens, including stanozolol and danazol, primarily cause hepatic toxicity; hence, it is necessary to monitor liver and kidney functions during treatment of aplastic anemia. The second factor that may cause liver and kidney function abnormalities is severe anemia. Long-term severe anemia can lead to tissue ischemia and hypoxia in the liver or kidneys, and if prolonged, it can cause abnormalities in liver and kidney functions. (Medication use should be carried out under the guidance of a physician.)
Does aplastic anemia easily cause oral ulcers?
Patients with aplastic anemia are more prone to oral ulcers. Aplastic anemia is a type of bone marrow failure syndrome, where there is a decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in the peripheral blood to various extents. Long-term anemia can lead to mucosal ischemia and hypoxia. The reduction in white blood cells weakens the mucosal barrier's protective function, making it susceptible to bacterial invasion and thus prone to oral ulcers. Additionally, patients with anemia often have poor diets over long periods, leading to a deficiency in various vitamins, which is another reason why they are prone to oral ulcers. If symptoms like joint pain are present along with oral ulcers, further rheumatological and immunological tests should be conducted to rule out rheumatic and immune system diseases.
Aplastic anemia is caused by how?
Aplastic anemia currently still has an uncertain etiology. However, clinical observations have suggested that chemotherapy drugs, viral infections, and radiation exposure might be related to the occurrence and development of aplastic anemia. Regardless of the cause, these factors all involve abnormalities in immune function. Abnormal immune function leads to the occurrence and development of aplastic anemia. Therefore, immunosuppressive therapy is often effective for patients with aplastic anemia in clinical settings. (Medication use should be conducted under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
What tests should be done to diagnose aplastic anemia?
The diagnostic criteria for aplastic anemia include a decrease in all blood cells, generally no enlargement of the liver or spleen, reduced or severe reduction in bone marrow hyperplasia in multiple sites, and exclusion of other diseases causing a decrease in all blood cells. Therefore, the diagnosis of aplastic anemia requires the following tests: complete blood count, reticulocyte count, abdominal ultrasound, bone marrow cytology, bone marrow chromosome analysis, bone marrow biopsy, rheumatoid immune indicators, and peripheral blood T-cell subgroups. Additionally, for patients suspected of having aplastic anemia, further flow cytometry and differentiation from myelodysplastic syndromes are sometimes necessary.
Can aplastic anemia be cured completely?
Aplastic anemia clinically is categorized into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Acute aplastic anemia appears suddenly and is severe, with a short survival period. Chronic aplastic anemia develops slowly, has a longer history, and is relatively milder in condition. Whether it is acute aplastic anemia or chronic aplastic anemia, curative treatment can only be achieved through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a potential cure for aplastic anemia, there is also a certain rate of failure. Additionally, post-transplant, there is a presence of immune rejection.
Can patients with aplastic anemia drink corn silk water?
Patients with aplastic anemia can drink corn silk tea, but corn silk tea has no therapeutic effect on aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is caused by various causes and mechanisms leading to bone marrow failure, mainly characterized by decreased bone marrow hematopoietic function, decreased total blood cells, and the resulting anemia, bleeding, and infection syndrome. The pathogenesis of aplastic anemia is not clear, mainly due to immune abnormalities. The treatment is mainly the use of immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine and hematopoietic agents, primarily androgens. Corn silk tea does not have a therapeutic effect on the mechanisms of this disease.
Aplastic anemia is a disease.
Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome, which simply means that the bone marrow's function to produce blood cells is impaired, and it cannot produce the blood cells needed by a normal body. Clinically, it manifests as a series of symptoms caused by the reduction of all blood cells. A reduction in white blood cells can lead to infections in various systems, such as fever, cough, sputum, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, urgent urination, and pain during urination. A reduction in red blood cells leads to anemia, which can cause symptoms such as dizziness, headache, fatigue, chest tightness, and palpitations. A decrease in platelets can lead to spontaneous bleeding, such as bleeding in the mouth, gums, and nose, and in severe cases, even cerebral hemorrhage.
Is aplastic anemia leukemia?
Aplastic anemia is not leukemia, but there is a very small chance that aplastic anemia can transform into leukemia. Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure syndrome, and its clinical presentation often includes pancytopenia. It can be classified into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Leukemia often manifests with high white blood cell counts, anemia, and low platelet counts. It is caused by the infiltration of leukemia cells into the bone marrow, leading to the suppression of normal hematopoiesis, and is classified as a malignant hematological tumor. Leukemia can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia.
The main diagnostic basis for aplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia is caused by a variety of reasons leading to bone marrow hematopoietic failure. So, what is the main diagnostic basis for diagnosing aplastic anemia? It is primarily the bone marrow examination, which shows decreased or severely decreased proliferation at least in one site, such as active proliferation, significant reduction in megakaryocytes, and an increase in non-hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow's granular components. Additionally, there can be a decrease in total blood cells, white cells, red cells, etc., and a reduction in the absolute value of reticulocytes.