Aplastic anemia clinically is categorized into acute aplastic anemia and chronic aplastic anemia. Acute aplastic anemia appears suddenly and is severe, with a short survival period. Chronic aplastic anemia develops slowly, has a longer history, and is relatively milder in condition. Whether it is acute aplastic anemia or chronic aplastic anemia, curative treatment can only be achieved through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation offers a potential cure for aplastic anemia, there is also a certain rate of failure. Additionally, post-transplant, there is a presence of immune rejection.