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Zhang Xian Hua
Pediatrics
About me
Zhang Xianhua: Master's degree, chief physician, director of the Children's Digestive Neurology Department (Pediatric Seventh Department) of Hunan People's Hospital. Member of the National Professional Committee of Pediatricians of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, member of the Minimally Invasive Professional Committee of the Chinese Maternal and Child Health Association's Pediatric Digestive Minimally Invasive Working Group, deputy director of the Pediatric Digestive Group of the Hunan Pediatric Association, registered nutritionist of the Chinese Nutrition Society, member of the Committee of Allergies and Immune Reactions of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hunan Province, expert in the National Science and Technology Expert Database of the Ministry of Science and Technology, expert reviewer in the Medicine and Health Evaluation Expert Database of Hunan Province, member of the Forensic Identification Committee of Hunan Province, member of the Medical Accident Identification Committee of Hunan Province, expert in the Vaccination Identification Committee of Hunan Province. Engaged in pediatric clinical and research teaching for more than twenty years, repeatedly honored as an outstanding medical worker, outstanding Communist Party member, medical ethics model and recipient of awards from the Health Department.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in: diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases in pediatric digestive system, digestive endoscopy technology, and emergency critical care.
Voices
Oral thrush is treated in the department of stomatology.
Thrush is a disease caused by the infection of oral mucosa by Candida albicans. Depending on the age of onset of thrush, different departments should be chosen for treatment. If the disease occurs in the newborn period, the neonatology outpatient clinic should be visited. If the child is over one month old, they can be seen at the dental clinic or the pediatric outpatient clinic during normal working hours. During non-working hours, such as noon, evening, weekends, and holidays, the pediatric emergency department should be consulted. Of course, some cases of thrush occur because the individual has an underlying disease, including immunodeficiency, current use of immunosuppressive drugs, or long-term use of steroids; in such cases, the outpatient clinic of the department treating the primary disease should be visited.
How is thrush treated?
Thrush is a mucosal lesion in the mouth caused by an infection with Candida albicans, commonly seen in infants and young children, especially those with compromised immune systems, such as those using steroids or immunosuppressants. The main approach to treatment is symptomatic and supportive, primarily involving topical application of medications. Dietary management is also crucial, typically involving the provision of bland, non-irritating foods. The use of sugary, greasy foods should be avoided to prevent exacerbating the symptoms. Of course, another important aspect of treatment is preventing reinfection by maintaining good hygiene, especially with food. All items that come into contact with the child's mouth, including pacifiers, bottles, and spoons, should be sterilized after each use. If breastfeeding, the cleanliness of the mother's nipples and breasts is also very important. (Specific medication use should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)
The difference between roseola infantum and measles
The differences between baby roseola and measles mainly include the following points: Firstly, the causative pathogens are different. Baby roseola is caused by the infection of human herpesvirus 6, whereas measles is caused by the measles virus. Secondly, the symptoms of fever differ. Typically, in baby roseola, a rash appears after 3-5 days of fever as the fever subsides; in measles, a rash appears after 3-4 days of fever, during which the temperature may actually increase. Thirdly, the prognosis differs. Baby roseola is a relatively common disease that generally heals gradually as the fever and rash subside. If measles is not treated, it may lead to severe symptoms and potentially leave some sequelae. Lastly, their treatments are also different.
Symptoms of infant lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance in infants is mostly due to lactose intolerance secondary to post-viral infections, with a small portion being primary lactose intolerance caused by low activity or lack of lactase. This leads to undigested lactose after consuming animal milk, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms. Common symptoms include changes in stool; for lactose-intolerant children, there are relatively more curds in the stool, and the stool is somewhat loose and poorly digested. Additionally, children with lactose intolerance often have poor digestive function, increased gastrointestinal gas, and sometimes experience bloating and abdominal discomfort, which can also affect the baby's sleep.
How to Prevent and Care for Neonatal Pneumonia
Prevention and care of neonatal pneumonia mainly involve paying attention to the following points: First, pay close attention to the feeding methods to prevent the child from aspirating and causing aspiration pneumonia; Second, ensure that the baby is kept warm to prevent catching colds which could lead to secondary viral or bacterial infections, worsening the condition; Third, be vigilant about preventing cross-infection in terms of hygiene. This includes maintaining hand hygiene and ventilating rooms frequently; Fourth, follow the doctor's orders for treatment and medication, especially if the child has pneumonia and is usually hospitalized. If it is a mother-baby room, follow the doctor’s instructions to properly administer medication to the child to prevent aspiration during medication, which could worsen the condition.
Does thrush need treatment?
Oral thrush is a white Candida infection of the oral mucosa, which certainly requires timely treatment. Firstly, oral thrush causes discomfort in the mouth; secondly, if left untreated for an extended period, it may also spread to the pharyngeal area. Thirdly, recurrent episodes of oral thrush can lead to decreased immunity and may facilitate subsequent infections. Therefore, active treatment is necessary. Treatment primarily involves using 2% baking soda solution to rinse the mouth. In severe cases, adding nystatin for oral rinsing might be required. Of course, maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial, and all tools that come into contact with the mouth must be thoroughly disinfected.
What is thrush?
Thrush is a fungal infection that commonly occurs in infants and young children, especially those with weakened immunity due to prolonged use of immunosuppressants or steroids. It is caused by the infection of oral mucous membranes by Candida albicans. Commonly affected areas include the oral cavity, mucous membranes, gums, and tongue. It appears as white patches on the mucosa that generally cannot be wiped off with a cotton swab. Forceful wiping may lead to bleeding. Treatment mainly involves topical medication, a light diet, and maintaining good oral hygiene, which is very important.
How to treat thrush?
Thrush is an oral mucosal lesion caused by an infection of Candida albicans, commonly seen in infants and young children, especially those with low immunity or those taking steroids and other immunosuppressants. The treatment mainly involves symptomatic and supportive care, which may include topical medication. Diet management is also important; it is advisable to provide rice soup, glucose, and vitamin-rich foods, while avoiding high-sugar, stimulative, and greasy foods to prevent worsening the symptoms and discomfort in children. Lastly, hygiene related to the child’s feeding equipment, including pacifiers, bottles, and spoons, should be maintained by timely sterilization. Breastfeeding mothers should also pay attention to the hygiene of the breasts and nipples to prevent recurrent episodes of thrush. (Please follow the guidance of a professional physician for medication usage and do not self-medicate.)
How to treat thrush?
Thrush is caused by an infection of the oral mucosa with Candida albicans, so the treatment focuses on addressing this cause. It is advisable to wash the oral cavity with 2% baking soda water, 3-4 times a day, which generally leads to recovery. If the effect is still not satisfactory, nystatin can be added, dissolved in 2% baking soda water for oral application. Of course, thrush infections are very prone to recurrence. The most important factor causing recurrence is hygiene. Therefore, all items such as bottles, cups, and spoons that come into contact with the baby's mouth should be boiled and sterilized after each use. If breastfeeding, the mother's breasts and nipples should be cleaned with 2% baking soda before and after feeding to avoid recurrence. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a doctor.)
Symptoms of infant milk powder lactose intolerance
The symptoms of infant milk formula lactose intolerance typically manifest in the following areas: Firstly, the most direct symptom is abnormal stool in infants, which looks poorly digested with more milk curds, and this is the most common direct symptom. Secondly, the baby may experience increased gastrointestinal gas, bloating, abdominal pain, leading to restless sleep and irritability. Furthermore, the baby may exhibit a decreased appetite and varying degrees of vomiting. Of course, most cases of infant lactose intolerance occur after an intestinal viral infection, so there may also be symptoms related to viral intestinal infections.