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Zhang Tao
Hepatobiliary Surgery
About me
Zhang Tao, male, chief physician, graduated from Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, obtained a master's degree. He studied under the renowned professor of liver and gallbladder surgery at Xiangya Second Hospital, Professor Xu Xundi, who is also a doctoral supervisor. Zhang Tao is dedicated to studying medical techniques, daring to innovate. He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of difficult cases in liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen surgery, as well as laparoscopy and choledochoscopy. He has published several professional papers in national journals and has participated in the creation and publication of SCI articles four times.
Proficient in diseases
Specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of various surgical diseases of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen (such as stones, inflammation, tumors, trauma, and congenital diseases). This includes intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones, traumatic liver and spleen rupture, pancreatic injury, congenital bile duct dilatation, acute and chronic pancreatitis, liver cysts, liver abscesses, liver vascular tumors, liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, splenomegaly, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc. Proficient in surgical treatment of liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen diseases, as well as minimally invasive treatments such as laparoscopy, fiberoptic cholangioscopy, plasma lithotripsy, stone retrieval using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), nasobiliary drainage, and novel endoscopic gallstone extraction.
Voices
The difference between acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis
Chronic cholecystitis clinically manifests as recurrent dull pain in the upper abdomen and biliary colic, which the patient can quickly relieve on their own; acute cholecystitis involves more severe pain that cannot be relieved without intervention, and is usually accompanied by fever, nausea, and vomiting. In chronic cholecystitis, pressing on the right upper abdomen elicits no special reaction; in acute cholecystitis, pressing on the right upper abdomen causes obvious pain, known as a positive Murphy's sign. Acute cholecystitis is accompanied by a significant increase in white blood cells, and an ultrasound can reveal a marked enlargement and thickening of the gallbladder wall; chronic cholecystitis does not show these specific characteristics.
Gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps differentiation
Gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps are common diseases in the digestive system and are usually benign. Both gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps can cause chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, leading to chronic cholecystitis. Some patients may experience acute episodes of pain in the upper right abdomen, leading to an acute cholecystitis attack. Both conditions typically require laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging to confirm diagnosis. Clinically, they are mainly identified through color Doppler ultrasound; gallbladder stones are formed by the deposition of bile salts within the gallbladder, while gallbladder polyps are protrusions growing from the gallbladder wall into the cavity, which can be clearly distinguished by ultrasound.
Clinical manifestations of gallstones
Clinical manifestations of gallbladder stones: 1. Patients often experience abdominal pain after a full meal or when eating greasy food. 2. Patients may experience upper abdominal pain, bloating, belching, and regurgitation after consuming a high-fat diet in excess, or during periods of stress or poor rest. These symptoms are often misdiagnosed as stomach disorders. When gallstones chronically press against and block the gallbladder ducts without causing an infection, the gallbladder mucosa absorbs bile pigments and secretes mucinous substances, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the gallbladder. This fluid is usually clear and colorless, commonly referred to as white bile.
Does acute cholecystitis require hospitalization?
Patients with acute cholecystitis often have a history of gallstones or gallbladder polyps. An acute attack of cholecystitis can be triggered by inattention to diet or other reasons, such as unclean food. If the patient's abdominal pain is not severe, they can be advised to rest in bed and take oral anti-inflammatory and bile-promoting medications. If the patient experiences significant upper abdominal pain, accompanied by fever and other discomforts, and the abdominal pain persists and radiates to the back, it is recommended that the patient be hospitalized. During the hospital stay, it is essential to ensure the patient eats and receives clinical infusions, as well as complete relevant examinations.
How long does it take for intrahepatic bile duct stones to form?
Intrahepatic bile duct stones are a relatively common biliary system disease, related to patients' poor lifestyle and dietary habits. The formation time of intrahepatic bile duct stones varies; some people may form stones within a few months, while others may take several years, or even more than a decade or decades to form. Therefore, it is recommended that patients go to a regular public hospital for examination and maintain a light diet with plenty of vegetables.
How many days are needed for minimally invasive gallbladder stone surgery?
Gallbladder stones clinically often require surgical treatment. There are two types of minimally invasive surgery for gallbladder stones. The first type is laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the other type is laparoscopic gallbladder-preserving stone removal. If the patient undergoes minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving stone removal, they can generally move around within three to five hours after surgery, resume a liquid diet after half a day, be discharged three days postoperatively, and fully recover within a week without affecting their normal life and work. If the patient undergoes a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and if they are relatively young, it is recommended that they can resume eating on the evening of the surgery, get out of bed the next day, and be discharged within two to three days. Even in some large clinical medical centers, the cholecystectomy can be performed as a day surgery, where the patient may be admitted in the morning, undergo surgery in the afternoon, and handle discharge procedures after completing post-surgery intravenous fluid therapy in the evening.
Symptoms of intrahepatic bile duct stones
Intrahepatic bile duct stones, depending on the duration and pathology, can present with various clinical manifestations. In the early stages, patients generally do not show obvious symptoms, with stones limited to a certain segment within the intrahepatic bile ducts. In later stages, stones can be found throughout the intra- and extrahepatic biliary system, and may even lead to biliary cirrhosis, liver atrophy, and liver abscesses. The clinical manifestations can include: first, pain in the upper abdomen; second, a long history of biliary tract diseases, with patients experiencing chills, fever, and jaundice; third, frequent pain and discomfort in the liver area on the affected side and the lower chest, which can radiate to the shoulder and back, etc.
Can you drink alcohol with acute cholecystitis?
Acute cholecystitis, clinically divided into calculous cholecystitis and acalculous cholecystitis, is closely related to diet regardless of the type. Therefore, patients with acute cholecystitis should not consume alcohol, as drinking can lead to another attack of acute cholecystitis. Most episodes of acute cholecystitis are directly related to diet and excessive drinking, so not only during an acute attack but also in everyday life, it is important to avoid greasy, fried foods, spicy and irritating foods, and excessive alcohol consumption, in order to prevent stimulating the swelling of the gallbladder mucosa and triggering an attack of acute cholecystitis.
Can gallstones turn into cancer?
If gallstones are not treated promptly, the probability of developing gallbladder cancer is higher than in healthy individuals. Long-term untreated gallstones can irritate the gallbladder, leading to decreased gallbladder function and causing cancerous changes. Chronic thickening of the gallbladder wall can occur from prolonged episodes of gallstones, worsening inflammation, which can lead to more severe inflammation of the gallbladder mucosa and result in cancerous changes. In fact, gallstones are an important factor in the development of gallbladder cancer. However, not all patients with gallbladder cancer have gallstones, but clinically, about 70% of patients with gallbladder cancer have concurrent gallstones. Therefore, even if patients with gallstones do not exhibit symptoms, they should be particularly cautious and undergo regular physical examinations annually to detect problems early and treat them promptly.
Can people with intrahepatic bile duct stones eat sweet potatoes?
Intrahepatic bile duct stones can cause upper abdominal pain during acute episodes, which is generally closely related to the patient's careless diet. Sweet potatoes are a type of food that may induce gastric acid production. If a patient has intraheptic bile duct stones and consumes sweet potatoes, it may cause stomach discomfort. Therefore, it is recommended that patients generally avoid eating sweet potatoes or not eat them excessively.