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Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
About me
Zhao Xinlan, female, Chief of the Endocrinology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Chief Physician, and Master's Supervisor.
Serves as a member of the Elderly Endocrinology Group of the Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the Islet Cell Histology Committee of the Chinese Geriatrics Society, the Deputy Director of the Women's Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment Professional Committee of the Hunan Female Physicians Association, a member of the Diabetes Professional Committee of the Hunan Medical Association, a special medical insurance review expert in Hunan Province, and a member of the Hunan Province Medical Accident Appraisal Expert Database.
Has undertaken 3 provincial-level projects, won a Hunan Medical Science and Technology Progress Award (ranked third), and participated in more than 10 national and provincial-level projects, with over 10 professional papers published in SCI and other journals.
Proficient in diseases
Individualized precise treatment for diabetes, adrenal diseases, secondary hypertension, thyroid diseases, pregnancy endocrinology and other endocrine diseases diagnosis and treatment.
Voices
Can people with thyroid cysts eat sea fish?
The exact cause of thyroid cysts is not very clear, but some scholars believe it is related to iodine metabolism. Therefore, in areas where iodine is particularly lacking or particularly abundant, the incidence of thyroid cysts tends to increase. Hence, the diet should avoid both too low and too high iodine intake. As for eating sea fish, occasional consumption should be acceptable. However, eating sea fish daily may lead to excessive iodine intake, potentially causing further development of the cysts.
Which is more serious, thyroid cysts or nodules?
Thyroid cysts are generally benign lesions without significant clinical symptoms. When the cysts are larger, they may cause local compressive symptoms but generally do not develop into cancer. Thyroid nodules can be benign or malignant; primarily, an assessment of the nodule is conducted to determine its nature. If the nodule is nonfunctional and benign, the condition is usually minor. If the nodule is functional, such as a hyperfunctioning adenoma, it can have a more significant impact on the body. If ultrasound evaluation of the nodule leans towards malignancy, the severity of the nodule is considered greater, and surgical treatment is needed.
How should hyperkalemia be managed?
First, it is necessary to assess the severity of the hyperkalemia, whether it is mild, moderate, or severe. For mild hyperkalemia, it can be managed by taking oral diuretics or intravenous infusion of glucose with insulin, which can normalize the potassium level. In cases of severe hyperkalemia, where blood potassium exceeds 7.5 mmol/L, there is a risk of causing cardiac arrest. Emergency measures to promote potassium excretion are required, such as hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. It is also necessary to counteract the myocardial depressive effects of potassium, which can be managed with the injection of calcium gluconate, along with the intravenous infusion of hypertonic glucose and insulin. (The use of medications should be conducted under the guidance of a doctor.)
Causes of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is primarily characterized by a reduction in bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue microstructure, and increased bone fragility, leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is a metabolic bone disease. Some cases are primary, also referred to as postmenopausal osteoporosis, which generally lacks specific causes and is mainly linked to estrogen deficiency. There is also a category known as secondary osteoporosis, which has a variety of causes, primarily secondary to metabolic endocrine disorders such as hyperparathyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes, and growth hormone deficiency. Additionally, some hematologic disorders, such as leukemia and lymphoma, can lead to osteoporosis. There are also some less common or rare diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta and scurvy that can cause osteoporosis. Furthermore, long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, can lead to osteoporosis. Kidney diseases, such as chronic renal failure and renal tubular acidosis, can also cause osteoporosis.
Precautions for Thyroid Cysts
If an ultrasound has confirmed a diagnosis of a thyroid cyst, it's important to manage iodine intake in your diet. You should not consume too much iodine, but also not completely avoid it; a normal, regular diet is sufficient. Secondly, it is important to monitor any changes in the size of the thyroid cyst. Regular ultrasound checks and self-examination can help observe if there's any rapid increase in size locally. If the cyst grows significantly and is accompanied by pain, it might indicate the risk of bleeding within the cyst. Normally, do not massage the thyroid cyst, as massaging will not have any beneficial effects.
Can people with thyroid cysts eat seaweed?
Thyroid cysts generally do not show any symptoms clinically and are mostly benign. They are usually solitary, but occasionally multiple cysts could be present. Currently, the exact cause of thyroid cysts is not completely understood. Some scholars believe that the formation of thyroid cysts is related to iodine deficiency. Others suggest that in areas with a high incidence of thyroid cysts, the iodine content is also relatively high, indicating that both exceptionally low or high levels of iodine could potentially be a cause of thyroid cysts. Seaweed is a food high in iodine. Eating seaweed occasionally should not have a significant impact, but consuming seaweed daily could lead to excessive iodine levels in the body, which is not advisable during periods of thyroid cyst affliction.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis symptoms
In the early stages, when the autoimmune destruction from Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not particularly severe and does not cause either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, there may be no symptoms at all. As the immune response intensifies and leads to increased destruction of thyroid cells, transient thyrotoxicosis can occur, resulting in symptoms such as heat intolerance, trembling hands, and palpitations. The duration of these symptoms is related to the severity of the destruction. Generally, symptomatic relief can be achieved by administering beta-blockers. In the later stages, when the destruction of thyroid function in Hashimoto's is exacerbated, leading to hypothyroidism, symptoms such as cold intolerance, fatigue, and hair loss may occur. (Medication should be used under the guidance of a professional doctor.)
Principles of treatment for hyperkalemia
First, to counteract the cardiac inhibitory effects of potassium, calcium salts can be injected, and sodium bicarbonate can be used to alkalinize the blood. Then, an infusion of hypertonic glucose and insulin can be administered to promote the internal movement of potassium ions. Secondly, to promote the excretion of potassium, diuretics can be used. The second method involves the use of cation exchange resins and sorbitol. The third method employs dialysis therapy, which can include both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The fourth method is to reduce the sources of potassium, stop a high potassium diet or the use of potassium-containing drugs. In cases of severe hyperkalemia, where there is a life-threatening emergency, urgent measures should be taken, primarily the intravenous administration of calcium ion antagonists to counteract the cardiac toxicity of potassium. In cases of severe arrhythmias or even cardiac arrest, emergency installation of a pacemaker or defibrillation can be carried out, and respiratory muscle paralysis may require ventilatory support. (Medication use should be under the guidance of a doctor)
Can thyroid cysts be treated with minimally invasive surgery?
When the cyst is smaller than 5cm, minimally invasive treatment can be used. Thyroid cysts are generally benign lesions and rarely become malignant. A thyroid cyst refers to a fluid-containing cystic structure in the thyroid, commonly known as a blister. This blister can be large or small, and is usually asymptomatic when small. For its treatment, when the cyst is smaller than 5cm, a minimally invasive procedure involving fine needle aspiration can be performed to withdraw fluid from the cyst, followed by the injection of anhydrous alcohol to close off the cyst cavity and prevent recurrence. However, if the cyst is larger than 5cm, surgical treatment is recommended for complete removal.
Do thyroid cysts require a special diet?
Thyroid cysts refer to fluid-containing sacs that appear in the thyroid gland. Generally, these cysts do not become malignant, and they do not present any clinical symptoms, nor do they cause hyperthyroidism. If the cyst is particularly large and compresses the local thyroid tissue, it generally does not lead to hypothyroidism. Therefore, there is generally no need for a special diet for thyroid cysts. However, some scholars believe that the formation of thyroid cysts is related to iodine deficiency, or they can also occur in areas with high iodine content. Hence, it is advisable to avoid consuming foods with particularly high iodine content.