Which department should I go to for a thyroid cyst?

Written by Li Lang Bo
Endocrinology
Updated on January 29, 2025
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It is generally recommended to see a general surgeon, or an endocrinologist, as thyroid cysts are usually benign tumors that essentially remain stable in nature. Surgery is only considered when the cyst becomes very large and causes compressive symptoms, such as compressing the trachea leading to breathing difficulties, or compressing the esophagus causing difficulty swallowing. In such cases, you should consult a general surgeon. For a typical thyroid cyst, it is necessary to check thyroid function to ensure it is normal and to regularly review with ultrasound to monitor any changes in the cyst. If there is a sudden increase in size or significant compressive symptoms, it is advisable to seek surgical treatment from a surgeon.

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Written by Chen Xie
Endocrinology
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What foods are good for thyroid cysts?

For patients with thyroid cysts, it is necessary to check their thyroid function to understand their condition. For patients with hyperthyroidism, it is advised to avoid iodine-rich foods, such as seaweed, kelp, and seafood. However, patients with thyroid cysts are suggested to eat more foods that can enhance the immune system, such as shiitake mushrooms, mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, walnuts, Chinese yam, and red dates. They can also eat some foods that help reduce nodules and swelling, such as spinach, mustard greens, and kiwifruit. Patients with thyroid cysts are advised to quit smoking and drinking, and avoid spicy and stimulating foods, such as chili peppers, Sichuan peppercorns, and onions. Additionally, they should avoid eating overly greasy foods.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Can people with thyroid cysts eat sea fish?

The exact cause of thyroid cysts is not very clear, but some scholars believe it is related to iodine metabolism. Therefore, in areas where iodine is particularly lacking or particularly abundant, the incidence of thyroid cysts tends to increase. Hence, the diet should avoid both too low and too high iodine intake. As for eating sea fish, occasional consumption should be acceptable. However, eating sea fish daily may lead to excessive iodine intake, potentially causing further development of the cysts.

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Written by Zhang Li
Endocrinology
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What causes thyroid cysts?

Thyroid cysts currently have no definitive cause identified. Previously, most believed they were possibly related to iodine deficiency, as such deficiency leads to thyroid hyperplasia and an increase in thyroid cysts. However, it was later discovered that in some high-iodine coastal areas, the incidence of thyroid cysts remains high. This suggests that variations in iodine levels, such as switches from low to high iodine or from high to low iodine, can also lead to the occurrence of thyroid cysts. Additionally, it is currently believed that there might be some connection with radiation and the use of mobile phones and computers, but there is no definitive conclusion. Regardless, once thyroid cysts occur, it is important on one hand to eliminate the possibility of malignant features, ruling out thyroid cancer, and on the other hand to ensure thorough thyroid function tests to understand if there are any abnormalities in function and whether treatment is needed.

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Written by Zhao Xin Lan
Endocrinology
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Do thyroid cysts require a special diet?

Thyroid cysts refer to fluid-containing sacs that appear in the thyroid gland. Generally, these cysts do not become malignant, and they do not present any clinical symptoms, nor do they cause hyperthyroidism. If the cyst is particularly large and compresses the local thyroid tissue, it generally does not lead to hypothyroidism. Therefore, there is generally no need for a special diet for thyroid cysts. However, some scholars believe that the formation of thyroid cysts is related to iodine deficiency, or they can also occur in areas with high iodine content. Hence, it is advisable to avoid consuming foods with particularly high iodine content.

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Written by Zhang Li
Endocrinology
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Do thyroid cysts need treatment?

Thyroid cysts generally do not require special treatment, as most thyroid cysts are quite small, and even larger ones usually do not cause significant clinical symptoms. However, treatment may be necessary in some cases, such as when a thyroid cyst becomes large enough to cause compressive symptoms, leading to difficulty breathing or swallowing, in which case puncture or surgery might be considered. On the other hand, if a thyroid cyst is accompanied by abnormalities in thyroid function, it is important to assess whether there is hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism and treat according to the specific functional state. Additionally, in a small number of cases where a thyroid cyst may have a tendency to worsen, a puncture biopsy is needed to make a diagnosis, and if confirmed, surgery and appropriate treatment should be carried out.