Early symptoms of thyroid cancer

Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
Updated on September 18, 2024
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Early symptoms of thyroid cancer: First, differentiated thyroid cancer often exhibits no symptoms in its early stages, only accidentally discovered nodules that vary in size and texture on the front of the neck. Some patients are only diagnosed during routine physical exams or through imaging studies, with clinical symptoms being relatively rare. However, more symptoms and signs may appear in the later stages. Second, medullary thyroid cancer presents some unique symptoms, such as persistent diarrhea, typically watery, and a syndrome involving the endocrine system. Patients may exhibit facial flushing, elevated blood pressure, and decreased blood calcium levels, accompanied by other conditions, such as parathyroid adenomas, multiple mucosal neuromas, and pheochromocytomas, which also manifest specific symptoms.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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Causes of Thyroid Cancer

Regarding the causes of thyroid cancer, they are similar to most malignant tumors. The etiology of thyroid cancer is currently unclear, but some factors have been found to be associated with the onset of thyroid cancer. The first factor is neck radiation; the thyroid is an endocrine organ that is sensitive to radiation, so radiation exposure may cause carcinogenic changes in thyroid cancer cells. The second factor is genetics; some thyroid cancers have a clear genetic predisposition, the most typical being medullary thyroid cancer, with about 25% of patients showing familial clustering, known as familial medullary thyroid cancer. The third factor is that the rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer also has some reasons, with one recognized reason being advancements in early diagnostic methods, allowing for the easy detection of numerous early lesions. The fourth is iodine intake, which has been shown to be related to some benign diseases of the thyroid, but its relationship with thyroid cancer itself needs further study.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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How is thyroid cancer caused?

The causes of thyroid cancer are similar to those of most other malignancies. The etiology of thyroid cancer is not yet clear, but some factors are found to be associated with its occurrence: The first is neck radiation. The thyroid is an endocrine organ, sensitive to radiation. Radiation exposure can potentially cause thyroid cells to become cancerous, especially in those who received high doses of neck radiation in childhood and are more susceptible to thyroid cancer. The second factor is genetics; some thyroid cancers have a clear genetic predisposition, the most typical being medullary thyroid cancer. The third point is that the rapid increase in the incidence rate of thyroid cancer is partly due to the advancement in early diagnostic techniques, allowing for the detection of many early-stage lesions. Of course, iodine intake has already been shown to be related to some benign thyroid conditions. However, its relationship with thyroid cancer requires further study.

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Written by Gong Chun
Oncology
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Thyroid cancer ultrasound manifestations

The characteristics of ultrasonography for thyroid cancer include the tumor being a solid hypoechoic mass with unclear boundaries, uneven internal echoes, abundant internal blood flow, and the presence of sandy calcifications and longitudinal growth, among others. Currently, ultrasonography is the preferred method for examining thyroid nodules. It can clearly identify the number, nature, and location of thyroid nodules, as well as whether there are any abnormally enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Ultrasonography is highly accurate in differentiating the nature of thyroid nodules, with experienced ultrasonographers reaching an accuracy rate of over 80%. However, the highest accuracy in differentiating the nature of thyroid nodules is still achieved with fine-needle aspiration cytology.

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Written by Cui Fang Bo
Oncology
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What are the early symptoms of thyroid cancer?

The most common clinical symptom of thyroid cancer in its early stages is an abnormal lump in the neck. Additionally, some patients may experience symptoms related to abnormal thyroid function. Thyroid cancer is currently a malignant tumor with a relatively high incidence rate globally and in China. There are four pathological types of thyroid cancer: papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma. Among these, papillary carcinoma is the most common and has the best prognosis. For patients presenting with an abnormal neck lump and thyroid function abnormalities, the diagnosis of thyroid cancer should be considered. Diagnosis can be confirmed through tissue obtained by biopsy or surgical excision for pathological examination. For patients with confirmed diagnoses of thyroid cancer, surgery is the preferred treatment method.

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Written by Yan Chun
Oncology
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How to treat differentiated thyroid cancer

The so-called differentiated thyroid cancers include two types: papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Their treatment methods consist of the following: First, surgical treatment is a primary treatment strategy for early-stage differentiated thyroid cancers, involving radical surgical removal. After surgery, some patients need to take medications to supplement thyroid hormones. Secondly, for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancers, the main comprehensive treatment measures include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Additionally, postoperative early-stage patients can also undergo treatment with Iodine-131 to monitor changes in the condition and provide internal radiation treatment to control the progression of the disease. Internal radiation treatment can be performed multiple times.