How to treat high myopia?

Written by Zhou Qing
Ophthalmology
Updated on September 14, 2024
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High myopia refers to a degree of nearsightedness above 1000 degrees. High myopia brings great troubles to people, even affecting their diet and preventing them from participating in high-intensity physical exercise. It may also lead to complications such as retinal detachment, cataracts, macular hemorrhage, macular degeneration, vitreous liquefaction degeneration, and glaucoma. The treatment of high myopia has always been a major challenge in ophthalmology. With the advent of refractive lens exchange surgery, after extensive clinical practice, it has now become a better option for correcting vision in patients with extremely high myopia. The refractive state of the eyeball is mainly determined by the refractive power of the eyeball and the length of the eye axis. In cases of nearsightedness, the lengthening of the eye axis causes the light to focus in front of the retina, making it difficult for patients to see distant objects clearly. During refractive lens exchange surgery, a concave lens specifically tailored to the patient is implanted into the eyeball to change the focal point of the light so that it accurately focuses on the retina, achieving the purpose of correcting nearsightedness. Refractive lens exchange surgery maintains the integrity and accommodative function of the eye's physiological structure, has a larger optical zone, eliminates aberrations, and has a wider range of adaptability compared to corneal refractive surgery. Post-surgery, patients experience less discomfort, faster vision recovery, stable refraction, and no regression phenomenon.

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Written by Li Zhen Dong
Ophthalmology
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Does nearsightedness surgery require an incision?

There are two types of myopia surgery. One is performed using lasers, and the other involves making a small incision on the edge of the cornea to implant an artificial lens into the eye. Corneal laser surgery uses a laser to create a concave mirror on the cornea to resolve the symptoms of blurry vision when looking at distant objects. The ICL surgery, which involves the implantation of an artificial lens, significantly improves the patient's vision after the procedure. Both types of myopia surgeries are currently quite advanced in terms of technology. Therefore, patients who wish to stop wearing glasses and have clear indications from pre-operative examinations can consider undergoing myopia surgery treatment.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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Does nearsightedness surgery require hospitalization?

Myopia surgery does not require hospitalization; it is completed on an outpatient basis. Before the surgery, routine blood tests, screenings for infectious diseases, and specialized eye examinations are conducted. If the pre-operative examinations are thorough and there are no contraindications for surgery, the procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis. After the surgery, patients can go home and must return to the surgical hospital the next day for a follow-up examination. Post-operative medication should be used as prescribed by the surgeon, and regular follow-up appointments should be scheduled.

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Written by Zheng Xin
Ophthalmology
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What should I do if nearsightedness is inherited by my child?

Not all myopia is hereditary, but high myopia does have a genetic component. The occurrence of myopia is mainly related to genetic and environmental factors. If there are children in the family with a history of high myopia, they should develop good eye habits from a young age, or undergo genetic testing for high myopia. If myopia occurs, it can be corrected by wearing glasses, or by refractive surgery after reaching adulthood.

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Written by Peng Xi Feng
Ophthalmology
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The main cause of myopia formation

Myopia is primarily caused by the focusing system of the eyeball focusing parallel light rays in front of the retina when our eyes are in a relaxed adjustment state. The far point of a myopic eye is at a certain point in front of the eye. The occurrence of myopia is influenced by a combination of factors including genetics and environment, and the incidence is still being explored. Based on the refractive components, myopia can be classified into refractive myopia and axial myopia. According to the degree of myopia, it can be classified into mild myopia (below 300 degrees), moderate myopia (300 to 600 degrees), and high myopia (above 600 degrees). The clinical manifestations of myopia include blurry distance vision but good near vision, often with fluctuating distance vision where squinting is needed to see clearly at a distance.

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Written by Hu Shu Fang
Ophthalmology
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What department should you visit for nearsightedness?

People with nearsightedness should visit the ophthalmology department, as it is a major type of refractive error in outpatient services. Nearsightedness means clarity when looking at close objects, but blurriness when viewing objects at a distance. Currently, nearsightedness in adolescents is a significant health issue in China. Patients with nearsightedness should see an ophthalmologist at a qualified hospital for eye examinations to rule out any eye diseases, and then wear prescription glasses with the correct diopters to prevent the progression of nearsightedness. Additionally, those with nearsightedness must regularly visit the doctor to check their eyes.