How to monitor blood pressure in hypertensive crisis

Written by Di Zhi Yong

Cardiology

Updated on April 07, 2025

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If a patient experiences a hypertensive crisis, it is recommended that they use an electrocardiogram monitor. This can effectively monitor changes in the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse. If there is a rise in blood pressure, it can be immediately observed.

The occurrence of a hypertensive crisis is very dangerous and can lead to complications, potentially causing damage to liver and kidney functions, and leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In particular, it is prone to causing cerebral hemorrhage or coronary heart disease. In such cases, it is crucial to actively use antihypertensive drugs to control symptoms. Regarding diet, it is important to maintain a light diet, especially limiting sodium intake, in order to control the phenomenon of high blood pressure in patients.

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Difference between hypertensive crisis and hypertensive encephalopathy

Hypertensive crisis, now referred to as hypertensive emergency, includes hypertensive encephalopathy. It mainly refers to cases where, under certain triggers, the blood pressure of patients with primary or secondary hypertension suddenly or significantly rises, typically exceeding 180/120 mmHg, accompanied by progressive failure of critical target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Hypertensive emergencies include hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, etc. Hypertensive encephalopathy is characterized by symptoms caused by hypertension, such as headache, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and severe edema of the head.

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What is the general blood pressure for hypertensive nephropathy?

Hypertension caused by kidney disease is called renal hypertension. The blood pressure of patients with renal hypertension is generally higher than that of those with primary hypertension. However, these patients can exhibit any range of blood pressure types. Their blood pressure might be in stage 1, meaning the systolic pressure is between 140 to 160 mmHg. It could also reach stage 3, where the systolic pressure exceeds 180 mmHg. In cases of heart failure, the patient's blood pressure might even reach 220 or 240 mmHg, though such extreme cases are relatively rare.

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The difference between hypertensive crisis and hypertensive encephalopathy

Both hypertensive encephalopathy and hypertensive crisis involve a rapid increase in blood pressure, symptoms of headache, restlessness, nausea and vomiting, palpitations, shortness of breath, and blurred vision, with systolic pressure increasing to 200 mmHg and diastolic pressure to 120 mmHg, typically presenting similar clinical blood pressure readings. The main difference between the two is that hypertensive encephalopathy is based on excessively high blood pressure in patients with severe hypertension. Furthermore, hypertensive encephalopathy can lead to clinical signs of cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure, whereas hypertensive crisis occurs when blood pressure suddenly rises over a short period, causing symptoms due to excessive secretion of catecholamines driven by increased sympathetic nervous excitement.

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Is high diastolic pressure considered high blood pressure?

If the diastolic blood pressure exceeds 90 mmHg, hypertension should also be considered. Patients with a high diastolic blood pressure who do not actively undergo hypotensive treatment can suffer long-term damage to target organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, as well as severe hypertensive complications. For patients with high diastolic blood pressure, it is also necessary to adopt effective lifestyle adjustments and choose clinically frontline antihypertensive drugs for long-term treatment. Only by effectively controlling elevated diastolic pressure in the long term can severe target organ damage and hypertensive complications be avoided, thus improving the clinical prognosis for patients with hypertension.

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Written by Di Zhi Yong

Cardiology

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How to monitor blood pressure in hypertensive crisis

If a patient experiences a hypertensive crisis, it is recommended that they use an electrocardiogram monitor. This can effectively monitor changes in the patient's heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse. If there is a rise in blood pressure, it can be immediately observed. The occurrence of a hypertensive crisis is very dangerous and can lead to complications, potentially causing damage to liver and kidney functions, and leading to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In particular, it is prone to causing cerebral hemorrhage or coronary heart disease. In such cases, it is crucial to actively use antihypertensive drugs to control symptoms. Regarding diet, it is important to maintain a light diet, especially limiting sodium intake, in order to control the phenomenon of high blood pressure in patients.