The causes of epilepsy in children primarily include congenital factors and acquired factors. Congenital factors are mainly due to premature birth, difficult labor, umbilical cord around the neck, neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, drug factors, etc. Acquired factors mainly include brain trauma, central nervous system infections, cerebrovascular disease, intracranial tumors, and other causes. Therefore, when a child exhibits symptoms of epilepsy, it is necessary to promptly visit the department of neurology to conduct relevant examinations to determine the cause. The examination methods mainly include CT, MRI, EEG, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, etc. After identifying the cause, symptomatic treatment methods should be adopted to control the symptoms of epilepsy episodes. In clinical practice, controlling epilepsy is mainly achieved through drug treatment, with commonly used medications including carbamazepine, sodium valproate, gabapentin, etc. For some patients with refractory epilepsy, surgical treatments may also be used to control symptoms.