What is childhood epilepsy?

Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

Updated on September 04, 2024

00:00

00:00

Epilepsy is a persistent brain disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, abnormal perceptions, and associated neurological, cognitive, psychological, and social issues. An epileptic seizure refers to sudden, brief symptoms and signs caused by excessive and abnormal discharges of brain neurons. Depending on the affected brain functional areas, clinical manifestations can vary, including disturbances in consciousness, motor functions, sensory abnormalities, as well as psychiatric and autonomic nervous system dysfunctions. It is important to note that epileptic seizures and epilepsy are two distinct concepts.

Other Voices

home-news-image

Written by Wang Xiang Li

Emergency Medicine

1min 21sec

home-news-image

What are the emergency measures for an epileptic seizure?

Epilepsy is a chronic disease characterized by transient brain dysfunction caused by sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons. When a patient has an acute attack, several emergency measures should be taken to prevent injury: 1. During an epileptic seizure, the patient should lie flat, with the head turned to one side or on their side, to keep the airway clear and prevent the inhalation of vomit or secretions into the respiratory tract. 2. Be aware of the surrounding environment to prevent the patient from bumping into tables and chairs, causing secondary injuries. Closely observe the patient's consciousness, breathing, and pulse. 3. Loosen the patient's collar and belt to reduce resistance in the respiratory tract, and place a gauze-wrapped tongue depressor between the teeth to prevent tongue biting and vocalization. 4. Observe whether the patient shows symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and follow medical advice for medication when necessary. Additionally, for persistent epileptic seizures, call emergency services promptly for treatment.

home-news-image

Written by Shi De Quan

Neurology

1min 17sec

home-news-image

What is an effective treatment for epilepsy?

To effectively treat epilepsy, it is crucial to adhere to the principles of medication use and cessation. First, epilepsy medication should generally be administered for one to two years without seizures before gradually reducing the dose. If seizures reoccur after dose reduction, or if there is significant worsening on electroencephalography (EEG), the dosage should be restored. If switching medications, take both medications concurrently for about a week, then gradually reduce the original medication to cessation while increasing the new medication to an effective dose. These are the principles of medication exchange and use. Then, consider the principles for attempting medication cessation. Generally, medication should not be ceased any earlier than one year and abrupt cessation should be avoided to prevent epilepticus status. If there is clear organic brain disease, persistent positive neurological signs, or continuous mental disorders with abnormal EEG readings, lifelong medication may be necessary. Some suggest that individuals older than 30 should be cautious about stopping medication. Since the recurrence rate upon cessation can exceed 50%, lifelong medication may be necessary.

home-news-image

Written by Yuan Jun Li

Neurology

1min 19sec

home-news-image

Can acquired epilepsy be treated?

Acquired epilepsy can be treated. Most cases of acquired epilepsy are due to some organic lesions, also known clinically as secondary epilepsy, primarily treated by addressing the underlying disease. Common clinical conditions include brain organic lesions such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, encephalitis, and brain parasitic infections. Systemic diseases like diabetes and hyperparathyroidism can also lead to epilepsy. If epilepsy persists or if there is a major epileptic seizure, it can lead to brain cell hypoxia and even brain edema in severe cases. When necessary, treatments to protect the brain and reduce intracranial pressure are required. Medications for brain protection include Cytidine Diphosphate Choline and Lacosamide, while drugs to lower blood pressure mainly include Mannitol, Glycerol Fructose, and Furosemide. Most patients potentially can be carefully cured through the treatment of the underlying disease, and if seizures persist after the treatment of the primary disease, antiepileptic drugs should be administered. (The use of medications should be under the guidance of a physician.)

home-news-image

Written by Li Jiao Yan

Neonatology

1min 31sec

home-news-image

What are the early symptoms of epilepsy in children?

Epilepsy is a particularly common chronic disease in life. If the brain is underdeveloped and there are neurological disorders, it can cause epilepsy. What are the early symptoms of childhood epilepsy? The manifestations of a child's epileptic seizure are diverse, but all have the characteristics of sudden onset, sudden cessation, and periodic attacks. Common types in children include major seizures, absence minor seizures, and benign childhood epilepsy. During a major seizure, the child suddenly loses consciousness, breathing stops, the complexion turns cyanotic, the pupils dilate, the limbs stiffen, and the hands clench into fists, then switching to paroxysmal convulsions, foaming at the mouth, with the attack generally lasting 1-5 minutes. Children with absence seizures appear to suddenly lose consciousness, stop their activities, and stare upward or roll their eyes, but they do not fall down or convulse, lasting 1-10 seconds, with consciousness quickly recovering after the attack. Benign childhood epilepsy seizures often involve twitching of one side of the face, lips, and tongue, possibly accompanied by abnormal sensations in those areas, inability to speak, and drooling, typically with clear consciousness, and more frequently occurring at night.

home-news-image

Written by Yan Xin Liang

Pediatrics

38sec

home-news-image

Precursors to epileptic seizures in children

The majority of childhood epilepsy seizures occur without any precursors, as they arise and cease suddenly with stereotyped movements. However, some seizures are preceded by prodromes, such as sudden onset of consciousness disturbances, or fainting symptoms. Other seizures can present with motor dysfunctions, displaying sudden weakness or fatigue in certain limbs, followed by an epileptic attack. Additionally, some may experience abnormal sensations, such as numbness in a specific area or visual disturbances, including sudden flashes or even visual distortions, leading to convulsive seizures.