What size of pheochromocytoma is malignant?

Written by Gan Jun
Endocrinology
Updated on November 11, 2024
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The size of pheochromocytomas and the benign or malignant nature of the tumor are not greatly related. Usually, most are familial pheochromocytomas, which are most commonly bilateral, but they have a relatively high recurrence rate and are difficult to treat with fewer available treatment options. Once a pheochromocytoma is detected, it should be taken seriously and treated promptly. The presence of a tumor often indicates that it has developed to the mid and late stages, where it becomes relatively difficult to cure. Regardless of whether the tumor is large or small, it must be taken seriously and treated with care, otherwise, it may easily worsen and affect health.

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Written by Gao Yi Shen
Neurosurgery
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What department does pheochromocytoma see?

Pheochromocytomas generally require a visit to urology for treatment. Initially, they mostly present with symptoms of hypertension, leading many to first visit cardiology. After differential diagnoses have ruled out other causes and confirmed pheochromocytoma, patients must then seek treatment from urology. Pheochromocytomas are generally located in the adrenal glands, hence they require surgical removal by a urologist. It is crucial to strictly control blood pressure during surgery, as fluctuations can be severe and significantly impact the patient's physical and mental health. Therefore, if a pheochromocytoma is detected, it is critical to seek timely medical treatment for a relatively better prognosis.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Which department should I go to for pheochromocytoma?

When pheochromocytoma occurs, it is generally recommended to visit the endocrinology department of a local hospital. Pheochromocytoma refers to tumors originating from the neuroectoderm, specifically chromaffin tissue. These tumors usually secrete catecholamines and can be classified into various types based on their origin. Patients typically exhibit a pronounced hypermetabolic state, such as malignant hypertension or hyperglycemia, and some suffer significant damage to the heart, kidneys, liver, and brain tissue due to malignant hypertension. For instance, this can lead to heart failure or hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, severely threatening the patient's life. Treatment typically involves surgical intervention.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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How is pheochromocytoma diagnosed?

For the examination of pheochromocytoma, it is generally recommended to use qualitative or localization diagnostic methods. Qualitative examinations typically involve collecting metabolites of catecholamines from urine and blood to further facilitate a definitive diagnosis. Localization examinations are conducted through abdominal ultrasound, CT, or MRI to further identify the specific growth location of the pheochromocytoma. After a definitive diagnosis through qualitative and localization examinations, surgery is generally recommended to effectively remove the pheochromocytoma. Additionally, antihypertensive medication can be used to help control symptoms.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Can pheochromocytoma be cured?

Currently, with the continuous advancement of surgical techniques, pheochromocytomas can be treated promptly and effectively, achieving favorable outcomes. Once a pheochromocytoma is diagnosed and accurately localized, it is advisable to promptly proceed with surgical intervention. Removing the tumor surgically usually results in effective treatment outcomes. Before surgery, imaging studies and biochemical tests are used for the qualitative and locational diagnosis. After the nature and location of the tumor are clearly identified, the success rate of the surgery can also be increased. Pre-operative use of adrenergic receptor blockers can effectively manage the condition, leading to a reduction in blood pressure and lessening the load on the heart, thereby ensuring smooth conduct of the surgery.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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Causes of hypotension in pheochromocytoma

For cases of hypotension occurring in pheochromocytoma, it is most commonly seen after the surgical removal of the tumor. At this point, the concentration of catecholamines in the blood may significantly decrease, leading to a marked reduction in effective circulating blood volume, and thus causing hypotension. This situation is relatively common after surgery for pheochromocytoma. Usually, after surgical treatment and removal of the tumor, it is important to promptly discontinue the use of receptor blockers in patients and to appropriately replenish blood volume to effectively maintain central venous pressure. This approach can generally counteract the reduction in catecholamine levels caused by surgery, which leads to hypotension.