Is jaundice a sign of advanced gallbladder cancer?

Written by Liu Wu Cai
Hepatobiliary Surgery
Updated on September 21, 2024
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If a patient with gallbladder cancer exhibits jaundice, it does not necessarily mean the cancer is in its late stages. As the cancer grows, it may compress the bile duct, leading to obstructive jaundice. This can result in lighter-colored stools, darker urine, and yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, and even cause itchy skin. Therefore, it is not necessarily indicative of advanced gallbladder cancer.

Of course, if a patient with late-stage gallbladder cancer experiences liver metastasis, this might also manifest as yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes throughout the body. At this point, it is necessary to carry out thorough examinations, common tests including abdominal CT scans and ultrasounds, which can better assess the condition. If metastasis is present, even systemic chemotherapy might be required to achieve a better treatment outcome.

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Gallbladder cancer B-ultrasound manifestations

Gallbladder cancer can be diagnosed using ultrasound. On ultrasound, this type of gallbladder cancer can generally be divided into three types. One type is the thick-walled gallbladder cancer, which appears as uneven thickening of the gallbladder wall, resembling thick, non-elastic leather. The second type is the mass-forming type, which is relatively easier to diagnose. It appears as a solid mass taking over the entire gallbladder, often invading the nearby liver, and the normal shape of the gallbladder has disappeared. The third type is the intraluminal type, where on ultrasound, you can see the tumor attached to the gallbladder wall, which is relatively wider and larger.

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Gallbladder cancer CT manifestations

Gallbladder cancer commonly occurs in females, and its causes may be related to chronic and long-term irritation from cholecystitis and gallstones. On a CT scan, based on the tumor's pathological classification and growth patterns, it can be divided into the following types: The first type is the infiltrative type, which is characterized by irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall, usually greater than 1 cm, with a rough edge, and significant enhancement is seen after contrast enhancement. The second type is the mass-forming type, which presents as a large soft tissue mass filling the gallbladder, also showing significant enhancement after injection of contrast agent. The third type is the nodular type, which presents as either single or multiple nodules that protrude into the gallbladder cavity, appearing papillary or cauliflower-like. The fourth type is the obstructive type, generally a tumor at the neck of the gallbladder, causing obstruction of the common bile duct.

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Hepatobiliary Surgery
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Can gallbladder cancer with liver metastasis be treated?

If a gallbladder cancer patient experiences liver metastasis, aggressive treatment can be applied, but it can only be symptomatic treatment and cannot achieve a cure. Gallbladder cancer is a type of malignancy with a high degree of malignancy, prone to metastasis to other parts, and with very poor treatment outcomes. If liver metastasis occurs, the condition is severe and has reached the middle to late stages. Treatment cannot involve surgical removal at this time. Instead, active management should be employed to improve quality of life and better control the disease, though it cannot be cured. When gallbladder cancer patients experience liver metastasis, symptoms may include pain in the liver area, abnormal liver function, hypoalbuminemia, ascites, and other clinical symptoms. At this time, symptomatic treatment should be actively pursued to better maintain the patient's life and improve quality of life.

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Hepatobiliary Surgery
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Is targeted therapy or immunotherapy better for gallbladder cancer?

The treatment of gallbladder cancer cannot be judged as whether targeted therapy or immunotherapy is better, but should be analyzed based on the specific condition of the disease. For early-stage gallbladder cancer patients, if no metastasis has occurred, the best treatment at this time is primarily surgical removal. Early-stage surgical removal can achieve a cure, and regular postoperative ultrasound checks to monitor the disease progression are sufficient. However, if the gallbladder cancer progresses to a late stage, there might be metastasis to other parts of the body, corresponding symptoms appear, and the disease progresses rapidly. The opportunity for surgical treatment may have been missed, and only systemic chemotherapy or other comprehensive treatments are available to alleviate symptoms.

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What should I do if gallbladder cancer causes itchy skin?

Gallbladder cancer patients may experience skin itching, as they often develop secondary obstructive jaundice. This can lead to lighter stool color, darker urine color, yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes, and generalized itching. For treatment, surgery should be performed for better therapeutic outcomes. Although medications to reduce jaundice can be used for symptomatic treatment, surgery is generally advocated, especially for early-stage gallbladder cancer patients without significant metastasis, where early surgical removal can significantly improve prognosis. Additionally, since malignant tumors are a consumptive disease, it is advisable for patients to consume a diet high in protein, such as eggs, lean meat, and fish, to supplement the proteins needed by the body and enhance the patient's immunity.