Early manifestations of infant hydrocephalus

Written by Jiang Fang Shuai
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 06, 2024
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Infant hydrocephalus initially manifests as an enlarged head, beginning from birth with progressive increase in head circumference that is disproportionate to body growth. Upon examination, bulging fontanelles, thin scalp, and clearly visible scalp veins can be observed, with widened or even separated sutures. Additionally, due to increased intracranial pressure, symptoms such as irritability, recurrent vomiting, refusal to eat, abnormal behavior, and seizures may present as early indicators.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
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How is hydrocephalus treated?

If hydrocephalus is suspected, it is advised to first visit a local hospital for an emergency cranial CT scan to determine the type and severity of the hydrocephalus. This helps identify the main causes of the condition and whether it is communicating or non-communicating hydrocephalus. Treatment plans should then be based on the patient's symptoms and physical signs. For those with obvious clinical symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus, surgery is often recommended. Clinically, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is generally chosen. Through surgical intervention, original symptoms can gradually alleviate or even disappear, and the morphology of the ventricular system can progressively return to normal.

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Written by Shu Zhi Qiang
Neurosurgery
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What is hydrocephalus shunt?

Patients with hydrocephalus usually require shunt surgery, among which the most common is the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The shunt tube used in this surgery typically features a reservoir, often referred to by patients as a "water basket". Patients are frequently required to press this reservoir to promote the excess cerebral spinal fluid to flow through the shunt tube into the abdominal cavity, where it is absorbed by the omentum. If the reservoir is not pressed, the shunt tube may become blocked, potentially requiring the surgery to be performed again.

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Written by Jiang Fang Shuai
Neurosurgery
35sec home-news-image

Early manifestations of infant hydrocephalus

Infant hydrocephalus initially manifests as an enlarged head, beginning from birth with progressive increase in head circumference that is disproportionate to body growth. Upon examination, bulging fontanelles, thin scalp, and clearly visible scalp veins can be observed, with widened or even separated sutures. Additionally, due to increased intracranial pressure, symptoms such as irritability, recurrent vomiting, refusal to eat, abnormal behavior, and seizures may present as early indicators.

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Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
43sec home-news-image

Is hydrocephalus serious?

Hydrocephalus is relatively serious. When hydrocephalus occurs, it gradually affects the patient's motor functions of the limbs, causing weakness in one or both sides, difficulty in lifting, walking impairments, difficulty performing fine motor actions, and ataxia. It may even lead to frequent falls. Additionally, there are significant cognitive impairments, characterized by reduced intelligence levels, decreased computational abilities, and even certain degrees of language dysfunctions. Patients may also exhibit significant personality changes, such as feelings of anxiety, depression, apathetic expressions, and a dislike for communication and interaction with others.

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Written by Tang Li Li
Neurology
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How to relieve headache caused by hydrocephalus?

Hydrocephalus causing headaches is generally related to high pressure in the brain. Hydrocephalus leads to an enlargement of the ventricular system, compressing the surrounding brain tissue. Since the volume of the skull is fixed, increased accumulation of fluid can cause a rapid rise in internal pressure, leading to headaches. In severe cases, it may cause nausea, vomiting, and disturbances in consciousness, making the patient drowsy, stuporous, or even comatose. In such cases, the main treatment is to reduce the pressure inside the brain. Dehydrating agents, such as mannitol, can be used; however, mannitol mainly removes water from inside the cells and is more effective for cerebral edema than for hydrocephalus. Furosemide can be used to reduce the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and may have some effect on hydrocephalus. However, the key treatment is likely to be surgical, such as lateral ventricular drainage, which can fundamentally resolve the problem of fluid accumulation but can also lead to complications like infections.