What are the symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage?

Written by Chen Yu Fei
Neurosurgery
Updated on September 25, 2024
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For patients with cerebral hemorrhage, the symptoms vary clinically due to different amounts of bleeding and instability of the hemorrhage, which affect the surrounding brain tissue to different extents. For patients with minor cerebral hemorrhage, the impact is generally minor, and most patients only exhibit mild symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and retching. For patients with larger bleeding volumes located in crucial motor and speech functional areas, they often show symptoms such as unilateral limb paralysis and abnormal sensations in the affected limbs, accompanied by significant headaches, dizziness, reduced intellectual levels, cognitive impairments, and even aphasia.

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Sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage

The most common sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage is hemiplegia, which is specifically characterized by reduced muscle strength in the limbs on one side, difficulty in movement or complete immobility, often accompanied by sensory impairments on the same side, such as reduced sensation to cold, heat, pain, etc., or complete numbness. Sometimes there may also be vision loss on the affected side, as well as aphasia, headache, vertigo, and nausea.

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What should be done about cerebral hemorrhage?

Cerebral hemorrhage is a relatively serious disease. After a cerebral hemorrhage occurs, patients usually experience noticeable headaches, nausea, and vomiting. The onset is relatively rapid, and it may present clinical symptoms such as slurred speech, deviation of the mouth, and paralysis of one side of the body. In severe cases, the patient may become comatose or even die. Once diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage, it is necessary to immediately rush to the nearest hospital for treatment. It is important to ensure the patient rests in bed, keeps their emotions stable, avoids emotional excitement, and maintains regular bowel movements without straining. If cerebral hemorrhage causes increased intracranial pressure, dehydration medications to reduce intracranial pressure can be used. Additionally, medications to protect brain cells should be used. It is crucial to actively control the patient's blood pressure and, when the condition stabilizes, to perform regular rehabilitative exercises to promote the recovery of neurological functions. If the volume of the cerebral hemorrhage is large and threatens the patient's life, neurosurgery may be needed to save the patient's life.

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What causes cerebral hemorrhage?

Brain hemorrhage is a common problem that can be caused by many phenomena. The most common causes include hypertension and arteriosclerosis, which can lead to the rupture of blood vessels and consequently brain hemorrhage. Other cerebrovascular abnormalities, such as vascular malformations, cavernous angiomas, or intracranial aneurysms can also lead to brain hemorrhage. Additionally, brain tumors that rupture can cause hemorrhage, as can conditions where there are issues with blood coagulation function and poor clotting times. Some patients may experience brain hemorrhage due to cerebral lipoid degeneration, and trauma can also cause brain hemorrhage.

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Is cerebral hemorrhage dangerous?

Cerebral hemorrhage is a type of acute cerebrovascular accident and is quite dangerous. The risk associated with cerebral hemorrhage is directly related to the amount of bleeding and the location of the bleed. Generally, if it is an ordinary lobar hemorrhage and the volume of blood is less than 30 milliliters, the risk is relatively low, and conservative medical treatment may be sufficient. However, if the bleeding exceeds 30 milliliters, there is an indication for surgery. Without surgery, conservative treatment may lead to an increase in hematoma and progressive surrounding edema, which could compress the brainstem, cause brain herniation, and lead to respiratory and circulatory failure, posing a life-threatening risk. Hemorrhages in the brainstem and cerebellum are even more dangerous. The brainstem is the center of vital functions, including the centers for breathing and heart rate. Typically, a bleeding volume exceeding 5 milliliters in the brainstem can lead to patient death. Since the cerebellum is close to the brainstem and might compress it, a bleeding volume exceeding 10 milliliters in the cerebellum often warrants consideration for surgery.

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Can a secondary hemorrhage from cerebral hemorrhage be saved?

Although the mortality rate for secondary hemorrhage of cerebral hemorrhage is relatively high, there is still hope for recovery if medical attention is sought in time and aggressive treatment is administered. For instance, those with large amounts of hemorrhage can undergo surgical treatment in neurosurgery, while those with smaller amounts of bleeding can receive conservative treatment. Generally, the smaller the amount of bleeding, the greater the likelihood of survival.