What to eat for anemia in thalassemia

Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
Updated on September 07, 2024
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Thalassemia belongs to genetic diseases, hereditary diseases. The cause of the disease is due to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities that lead to congenital defects in the quantity or quality of globin production, resulting in thalassemia. Therefore, no matter what thalassemia patients eat, it cannot help in blood replenishment. For thalassemia patients with severe anemia symptoms, the primary treatment method is red blood cell transfusion support therapy, and oral medications are ineffective. It is important to note that thalassemia patients who undergo repeated red blood cell transfusions need chelation therapy.

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Written by Zhang Xiao Le
Hematology
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What should I eat if I occasionally feel dizzy due to thalassemia?

Patients with thalassemia who experience dizziness typically indicate worsening anemia, and can take folic acid tablets orally. Folic acid is an important raw material for the production of red blood cells, and supplementing with folic acid aids in the recovery from anemia. Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia, and there is currently no specific drug for its treatment; it is primarily managed symptomatically. If the anemia is severe, red blood cell transfusions may also be used to correct the anemia. Additionally, severe thalasemia may consider allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Apart from anemia, further investigations should be conducted to rule out cervical spondylosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and otolithiasis when dealing with dizziness in thalassemia patients.

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Written by Li Fang Fang
Hematology
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Dietary Considerations for Thalassemia

Thalassemia, also known as hemoglobin synthesis disorder anemia, is a genetic disease that falls under the category of genetic disorders. It is caused by abnormalities in the genes related to globin, leading to a deficiency in globin quantity, which in turn causes thalassemia. Since thalassemia is a genetic disorder, there are no specific dietary considerations. The severity of thalassemia is also defined by the number of affected genes; the fewer the affected genes, the milder the condition.

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Written by He Li Fang
Hematology
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How long can someone with thalassemia live?

The lifespan of patients with thalassemia depends on its specific type. Thalassemia is categorized into four types: silent carrier, thalassemia trait, hemoglobin H disease, and hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. Among these, silent carriers and those with thalassemia trait present no clinical symptoms or characteristics. Patients with hemoglobin H disease appear normal at birth and show no symptoms of anemia before the age of one. As they age, the characteristics of hemoglobin H disease gradually emerge, manifesting as mild to severe chronic anemia. However, these patients do not exhibit the physical appearance typical of hemoglobin anemia, their physiological development is normal, and they can live long term without significant impact on lifespan. Patients with hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome can cause stillbirth, miscarriage, or premature birth during the late pregnancy stages of 30 to 40 weeks, and most die within hours, significantly affecting lifespan. Thalassemia is also divided into mild, intermediate, and severe forms. Most patients with mild thalassemia have no symptoms, though a few may show signs of mild anemia and have normal growth and development without skeletal abnormalities. Severe thalassemia patients, however, are indistinguishable from normal infants at birth but start to show clinical symptoms between three to six months old, and the anemia progressively worsens. They require regular blood transfusions for survival. These patients often evolve to develop the typical appearance associated with thalassemia. Due to long-term transfusions, they suffer from iron overload, compromised immune systems, recurrent infections, and myocardial damage. Consequently, many children with severe thalassemia die young, and those who live into their teens often exhibit delayed sexual maturity and underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics.

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Written by He Li Fang
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Can a fetus with thalassemia be kept?

Thalassemia, commonly referred to as "Mediterranean anemia," is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by mutations or deletions in globin genes, leading to insufficient synthesis of globin peptide chains. Cases with a deficiency in the globin chain are called thalassemia. Regarding whether a thalassemia fetus should be carried to term, one must first consider the maternal family history, including any history of stillbirths, occurrences of hydrops fetalis (swelling in infants), or cases of severe thalassemia in children, as well as instances where both parents are carriers, marking a high-risk pregnancy. In such cases, strict prenatal diagnosis is required. Prenatal diagnosis includes taking samples of fetal chorion, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood for genetic analysis. If severe thalassemia or Hemoglobin Barts Hydrops Fetalis Syndrome is detected in the fetus, the pregnancy should be terminated immediately. Therefore, it is recommended to terminate pregnancies where the fetus is found to have severe thalassemia or Hemoglobin Barts Hydrops Fetalis Syndrome.

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The difference between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia

Iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia have similarities in that both are classified as microcytic hypochromic anemia. However, iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia are two distinct diseases that require further differential diagnosis. Iron deficiency anemia is caused by iron deficiency, often due to chronic blood loss, and it can be cured if the cause is removed and iron supplementation treatment is provided. Thalassemia is a genetic disease with hereditary factors, and there is no particularly effective treatment; iron supplementation is ineffective. Treatment mainly involves red blood cell transfusions and is not curable.