What tests are needed to determine the cause of vulvar cancer?

Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

Updated on September 16, 2024

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Vulvar cancer is a type of malignant tumor in female gynecology. Clinically, the following examinations can be used to identify the cause of vulvar cancer. First, testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) can be conducted. If the patient is found to be infected with HPV, then the cause of vulvar cancer can be considered to be due to viral infection. Additionally, herpes virus testing can also be performed, as many patients with vulvar cancer are caused by herpes virus infection. Thirdly, cytological examination of the vulva can be conducted to detect if there are any malnutritive lesions, such as vulvar lichen sclerosus, and other diseases like dermatophytosis, which are also reasons for the high incidence of vulvar cancer.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

1min 7sec

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Late-stage vulvar cancer can spread to where?

Patients with vulvar cancer generally have lymphatic metastasis because there are many lymphatic vessels in the perineum, and the capillaries of the lymphatic system are interconnected. Thus, vulvar cancer can lead to bilateral lymphatic vessel spread. Initially, it leads to superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then it spreads to the bone lymph nodes below the groin, and eventually progresses to the lymph nodes alongside the aorta and the lymph nodes below the left clavicle. If the cancer is located in the clitoris, it may bypass the superficial inguinal lymph nodes and directly spread to the lymph nodes inside the pelvis. The tumor in the vulvar area will gradually increase in size; it generally does not invade the muscle fascia or adjacent structures. If the vagina is invaded, it can easily and immediately involve the levator ani muscles, rectum, urethral opening, and bladder, among others.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

1min

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Is vulvar cancer stage III considered advanced?

Vulvar cancer is a type of malignant tumor in women's gynecology, which has a relatively low clinical incidence rate. For stage III vulvar cancer, it is considered advanced vulvar cancer. Advanced vulvar cancer indicates that the lesion has spread. For vulvar cancer with lesion spread, surgical treatment should be pursued if possible. For patients who cannot undergo surgery, options like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and other comprehensive combined treatment methods can be considered for cancer treatment. However, for patients with advanced vulvar cancer, the aim of treatment is mainly to improve the quality of life and extend the survival time, as complete clinical cure of the tumor is not possible. Only early-stage vulvar cancer, after receiving curative surgery or curative radiotherapy, may achieve a clinically cured effect.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

47sec

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Can vulvar cancer be detected by TCT?

The patient's TCT generally cannot detect whether they have vulvar cancer. TCT can also be referred to as liquid-based thin layer cytology, primarily examining the exfoliated cells scraped from the cervix to see if they are malignant. A negative result indicates that there is no cervical cancer. If one wishes to check for vulvar cancer, gynecological examinations can be conducted. These include blood tests for tumor markers, vaginal ultrasound, and vaginal tissue biopsy. Through these tests, any abnormalities in the vulva can be detected. It is advised that patients seek timely examination and treatment based on the disease.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

1min 2sec

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Will the vulvar cancer be rotten in the late stage?

Patients with advanced vulvar cancer do not all show signs of internal ulceration. This is because, for most patients with vulvar cancer, the progression of the disease can lead to invasion of the surrounding tissues or distant metastasis. Some patients may experience heavy local infiltration, leading to tissue ulceration. However, most patients in the advanced stages primarily show symptoms related to lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. When patients with advanced vulvar cancer develop lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, they may experience symptoms of metastatic lesions, such as inguinal lymph node metastasis causing limb swelling and pain. If there are distant metastases to the lungs, liver, or other areas, patients may exhibit respiratory symptoms such as coughing and expectoration, or liver-related symptoms such as pain in the liver area or decreased appetite.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

54sec

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What tests are needed to determine the cause of vulvar cancer?

Vulvar cancer is a type of malignant tumor in female gynecology. Clinically, the following examinations can be used to identify the cause of vulvar cancer. First, testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) can be conducted. If the patient is found to be infected with HPV, then the cause of vulvar cancer can be considered to be due to viral infection. Additionally, herpes virus testing can also be performed, as many patients with vulvar cancer are caused by herpes virus infection. Thirdly, cytological examination of the vulva can be conducted to detect if there are any malnutritive lesions, such as vulvar lichen sclerosus, and other diseases like dermatophytosis, which are also reasons for the high incidence of vulvar cancer.