How long does it take for vulvar cancer to progress from early to late stage?

Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

Updated on September 27, 2024

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If you have vulvar cancer, and want to know how long it takes to progress from early to late stage, it varies from person to person and cannot precisely be determined. Each individual's constitution is different, so the progression of the disease varies. It is recommended that patients seek medical treatment as soon as they discover they have vulvar cancer, to try to control the growth of the tumor, prevent it from spreading, enhance immune system, and improve physique, thereby aiming to extend survival.

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Can vulvar cancer be detected through an HPV test?

Vulvar cancer cannot be detected through an HPV test, as the HPV test is a virological examination specifically designed to determine the presence of the human papillomavirus infection, but it cannot confirm the existence of vulvar cancer. Clinically, examinations for vulvar cancer primarily include a detailed physical examination to ascertain the presence of lumps, ulcers, or lesions on the vulva. Additionally, vulvar ultrasound, CT, or MRI can be performed to understand the extent of vulvar cancer invasion. A pathological examination of vulvar cancer can also be conducted to diagnose the disease.

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Can vulvar cancer be detected by B-ultrasound?

Vulvar cancer, due to its superficial location, does not require an ultrasound for detection. Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor of the vulva, with primary squamous epithelium being the most common type. The main clinical manifestations are vulvar nodules, often accompanied by pain and significant itching. Local necrosis or infection can occur, and the lesions of vulvar cancer can be directly observed with the naked eye. However, ultrasound examination is also widely used in vulvar cancer, not for detecting the cancer itself, but for examining whether there is enlargement of the lymph nodes in the groin, abdomen, and pelvic regions, suspecting invasion by cancer cells.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

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Can vulvar cancer be cured by radiotherapy?

Vulvar cancer is a relatively malignant tumor. If a patient is diagnosed with vulvar cancer, they should first undergo a medical examination to check if the cancer has metastasized distantly. If the condition is just localized inflammation, it is recommended that the patient undergo surgical treatment followed by radiotherapy, as this is a very serious condition. Surgery itself can cause harm to the patient’s body, but due to the severity of the condition, it is necessary to focus on the main conflict and take corresponding rescue measures. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can only play a certain supplementary and auxiliary role after surgery, potentially reducing the size of some tumors to a certain extent, minimizing surgical trauma and postoperative recurrence. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also effective for patients who are unable to undergo surgery or who cannot receive surgical treatment. If diagnosed with vulvar cancer, it is advised to visit a standard hospital for examination and follow the doctor’s guidance for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

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Written by Yan Chun

Oncology

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Will the vulvar cancer be rotten in the late stage?

Patients with advanced vulvar cancer do not all show signs of internal ulceration. This is because, for most patients with vulvar cancer, the progression of the disease can lead to invasion of the surrounding tissues or distant metastasis. Some patients may experience heavy local infiltration, leading to tissue ulceration. However, most patients in the advanced stages primarily show symptoms related to lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis. When patients with advanced vulvar cancer develop lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, they may experience symptoms of metastatic lesions, such as inguinal lymph node metastasis causing limb swelling and pain. If there are distant metastases to the lungs, liver, or other areas, patients may exhibit respiratory symptoms such as coughing and expectoration, or liver-related symptoms such as pain in the liver area or decreased appetite.

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Written by Sun Ming Yue

Medical Oncology

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Late-stage vulvar cancer can spread to where?

Patients with vulvar cancer generally have lymphatic metastasis because there are many lymphatic vessels in the perineum, and the capillaries of the lymphatic system are interconnected. Thus, vulvar cancer can lead to bilateral lymphatic vessel spread. Initially, it leads to superficial inguinal lymph nodes, then it spreads to the bone lymph nodes below the groin, and eventually progresses to the lymph nodes alongside the aorta and the lymph nodes below the left clavicle. If the cancer is located in the clitoris, it may bypass the superficial inguinal lymph nodes and directly spread to the lymph nodes inside the pelvis. The tumor in the vulvar area will gradually increase in size; it generally does not invade the muscle fascia or adjacent structures. If the vagina is invaded, it can easily and immediately involve the levator ani muscles, rectum, urethral opening, and bladder, among others.