Is hot compress useful for rheumatoid arthritis?

Written by Liu Li Ning
Rheumatology
Updated on February 06, 2025
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Rheumatoid arthritis during the acute flare-up phase makes heat application useless; it might even exacerbate the symptoms of joint pain. Normally in daily life, applying heat to the affected joints can assist in treatment. However, during the acute flare-up phase of rheumatoid arthritis, the main symptoms are migratory pain in the major joints of the limbs. Cold application may help alleviate the pain, but heat should definitely not be applied during the acute phase. The development of rheumatoid arthritis is somewhat related to streptococcal infections. Therefore, penicillin antibiotics are generally used for anti-infection treatment. During the acute phase, it is common to also use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as etoricoxib or meloxicam, to relieve symptoms.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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How is rheumatoid arthritis treated?

Rheumatoid arthritis, also commonly referred to as internal rheumatoid arthritis, primarily has three major categories of treatment. The first category is anti-inflammatory and pain relief. The medications for anti-inflammatory pain relief include two types: the first type is non-steroidal pain relievers; for patients with very severe pain, a low dose of corticosteroids can be considered. The second category, which is also the most important treatment, involves the use of immunosuppressants. These immunosuppressants include drugs such as methotrexate and leflunomide. If the patient does not respond well to anti-inflammatory pain relief and immunosuppressants, treatment with biologics can also be considered.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?

The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis primarily relies on blood tests, radiological examinations, and the patient's own symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis is often referred to as internal rheumatoid arthritis. For a definitive diagnosis: Firstly, the patient must exhibit symmetrical swelling and pain in the joints of both hands, including the small joints. Further screening through blood tests shows elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein, which are two inflammatory markers. Additionally, the presence of rheumatoid factors, anti-CCP antibodies, and AKA antibodies being positive also play a role. Simultaneously, if radiological imaging suggests joint space narrowing and bone damage, this further supports the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

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Written by Li Jing
Rheumatology
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Treatment of Acute Flare-ups of Rheumatoid Arthritis

During the acute phase of rheumatoid arthritis, typical treatment includes absolute bed rest and avoiding intense physical activities, followed by a diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables containing vitamins. Medication-wise, sodium diclofenac or meloxicam are used, which are non-steroidal drugs that relieve joint pain. If these drugs are not effective, steroids such as methylprednisolone are administered, initially at doses of 20 mg or 40 mg, until the pain eases, then gradually reducing the steroid dosage. During steroid treatment, it's also important to prevent side effects, namely, by supplementing with calcium and incorporating drugs that protect the stomach lining. (The above medications should be used under medical supervision.)

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Written by Wang Cheng Lin
Orthopedics
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Is the ankle pain due to gout or rheumatoid arthritis?

In clinical practice, the first reason for ankle pain is rheumatic or rheumatoid arthritis, which mainly involves the synovium of the joint in the early stages, causing synovial hyperplasia and effusion leading to pain. The second cause is gout, which is due to dietary habits, such as frequent consumption of greasy or seafood-based foods, and a preference for beer, leading to increased uric acid levels and gout. The third cause is osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly people, which leads to degeneration of joint cartilage and pain. The fourth cause is sprains, which can lead to damage to cartilage and ligaments within the joint, causing pain. To determine whether ankle pain is caused by gout or rheumatic arthritis, one can simply visit a hospital for a checkup, such as a uric acid test to see if there is a significant increase in gout uric acid levels. If the uric acid level is significantly elevated, it is likely caused by gout. Additionally, one can check for a rheumatism panel to see if the anti-O test is positive; if it is, it may suggest that rheumatic factors are causing the pain.

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Written by Yang Ya Meng
Rheumatology
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Rheumatoid arthritis diagnostic tests

The diagnostic tests for rheumatoid arthritis include blood tests and X-ray examinations. Blood tests include a complete blood count, inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and screening for various antibodies such as rheumatoid factor, anti-O, anti-CCP antibodies, and anti-AKA antibodies. Additionally, if there is significant pain in the hand joints, an X-ray of the hand joints can be taken. The X-ray can show whether there is any destruction of bone, osteoporosis, or other manifestations of rheumatoid disease. Based on these tests, it is generally possible to diagnose the specific type of rheumatoid disease.