The difference between chronic granulocytic leukemia and leukemia.

Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

Updated on October 30, 2024

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Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a type of leukemia. Leukemia can be divided into acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is further divided into acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Among these, acute myeloid leukemia can be divided into eight subtypes from M0 to M7, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be divided into three subtypes from L0 to L3. Chronic leukemia is further divided into chronic granulocytic leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Therefore, chronic granulocytic leukemia is a subtype of leukemia.

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Written by He Li Fang

Hematology

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chronic granulocytic leukemia platelets

Patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia have variations in blood platelets as seen in routine blood tests, which differ according to different stages of the disease. In the chronic phase, especially early on, platelet counts are mostly elevated or normal, with increases potentially exceeding 1000x10^9 per liter. The shape of the platelets is normal, but their function is often abnormal, with thrombus formation being rare. A minority of patients may experience a decrease in platelet count. As the disease progresses, routine blood tests can reveal significant decreases or increases in platelet counts along with the appearance of megakaryocytes. Additionally, some patients may also exhibit bone marrow fibrosis, characterized by an increase in reticular fibers or collagen fibers.

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Written by He Li Fang

Hematology

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Causes of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Chronic granulocytic leukemia, also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a myeloproliferative tumor originating from pluripotent stem cells. It is characterized by a specific chromosomal alteration, commonly referred to as the Philadelphia chromosome, which is formed by the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene at the molecular level. Chronic granulocytic leukemia is a clonal disease originating from pluripotent stem cells. Due to a significant expansion of the progenitor cell pool, there is excessive proliferation of myeloid cells and increased granulocyte production. The slow clearance of granulocytes leads to the accumulation of granulocytes in the body, which is the main cause of the disease.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

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Does leukemia cause fever?

Leukemia patients do experience fever, which can be categorized into two main types: infectious fever and tumor fever. Infectious fever occurs due to the compromised resistance and lowered immunity of leukemia patients, potentially leading to various types of infections such as pulmonary infections, skin and mucous membrane infections, digestive system infections, urinary system infections, etc. Tumor fever, on the other hand, occurs in the late stages of leukemia and is caused by the abnormal proliferation of leukemia cells, leading to tumor-related fever. Typically, the temperature in tumor fever does not exceed 38 degrees Celsius, with early-stage fevers responding well to treatment, but late-stage fevers showing poorer responsiveness.

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Written by Li Fang Fang

Hematology

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Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

The common symptoms of acute leukemia include four main categories: infection, anemia, bleeding, and tumor infiltration. Symptoms of infection manifest as fever, cough, expectoration, chest pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, skin infections, and perianal infections. Anemia is characterized by dizziness, fatigue, poor appetite, and decreased endurance. Symptoms of reduced platelets mainly involve bleeding, which can manifest as bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes, organ bleeding, and even cerebral hemorrhage. Tumor infiltration can manifest as gingival hyperplasia and skin rashes among other swellings.

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Written by Zhang Xiao Le

Hematology

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What is acute leukemia?

Acute leukemia is a malignant clonal disease originating from hematopoietic stem progenitor cells. Normally, hematopoietic stem progenitor cells differentiate into white blood cells, which gradually mature into normal white blood cells. However, leukemia cells are primitive cells and immature cells, which means that the hematopoietic stem cells lose the ability to differentiate and mature. Additionally, they proliferate massively in the bone marrow while suppressing normal hematopoietic functions, and can widely infiltrate various organs such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Due to the suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis, patients may exhibit clinical manifestations such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Patients with acute leukemia often seek medical attention because of fever, fatigue, or bleeding from the skin and mucous membranes.